References

  1. H. Strathmann, Electrodialysis: a mature technology with a multitude of new applications, Desalination, 264 (2010) 268–288.
  2. J. Ran, L. Wu, Y. He, Z. Yang, Y. Wang, C. Jiang, L. Ge, E. Bakangura, T. Xu, Ion exchange membranes: new developments and applications, J. Membr. Sci., 522 (2017) 267–291.
  3. T. Luo, S. Abdu, M. Wessling, Selectivity of ion exchange membranes: a review, J. Membr. Sci., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2018.03.051.
  4. J. Krivcık, D. Nedela, J. Hadrava, L. Brozova, Increasing selectivity of a heterogeneous ion-exchange, Desal. Wat. Treat., 56 (2015) 3160–3166.
  5. M.Y. Kariduraganavar, R.K. Nagarale, A.A. Kittur, S.S. Kulkarni, Ion-exchange membranes: preparative methods for electrodialysis and fuel cell applications, Desalination, 197 (2006) 225–246.
  6. T. Sata, Studies on anion exchange membranes having permselectivity for specific anions in electrodialysis — effect of hydrophilicity of anion exchange membranes on permselectivity of anions, J. Membr. Sci., 167 (2000) 1–31.
  7. T. Xu, Z. Liu, W. Yang, Fundamental studies of a new series of anion exchange membranes: membrane prepared from poly (2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO) and triethylamine, J. Membr. Sci., 249 (2005) 183–191.
  8. H. Strathmann, Ion-Exchange Membrane Processes in Water Treatment, Institute of Chemical Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany, 2 (2010) 141–199.
  9. T. Xu, Ion exchange membranes: state of their development and perspective, J. Membr. Sci., 263 (2005) 1–29.
  10. T. Kikhavani, S.N. Ashrafizadeh, B. Van der Bruggen, Nitrate selectivity and transport properties of a novel anion exchange membrane in electrodialysis, Electrochim. Acta, 144 (2014) 341–351.
  11. B. Van der Bruggen, A. Koninckx, C. Vandecasteele, Separation of monovalent and divalent ions from aqueous solution by electrodialysis and nanofiltration, Water Res., 38 (2004) 1347–1353.
  12. T. Sata, T. Yamaguchi, K. Matsusaki, Interaction between anionic polyelectrolytes and anion exchange membranes and change in membrane properties, J. Membr. Sci., 100 (1995) 229–238.
  13. T. Kikhavani, S.N. Ashrafizadeh, B. Van der Bruggen, Synthesis and characterization of a novel surfactant-enhanced polypropylene heterogeneous anion exchange membrane, J. Sep. Sci. Technol., 49 (2014) 1–10.
  14. Y. Li, T. Xu, M. Gong, Fundamental studies of a new series of anion exchange membranes: membranes prepared from bromomethylated poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (BPPO) and pyridine, J. Membr. Sci., 279 (2006) 200–208.
  15. G. Pourcelly, Conductivity and selectivity of ion exchange membranes: structure-correlations, Desalination, 147 (2002) 359–361.
  16. S. Koter, A. Warszawski, Electromembrane processes in environment protection, Pol. J. Environ. Stud., 9 (2000) 45–56.
  17. Y. Li, T. Xu, Fundamental studies of a new series of anion exchange membranes: membranes prepared from bromomethylated poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) and 4-vinylpyridine, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 114 (2009) 3016–3025.
  18. X.T. Le, Permselectivity and microstructure of anion exchange membranes, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 325 (2008) 215–222.
  19. R.K. Nagarale, G.S. Gohil, V.K. Shahi, Recent developments on ion-exchange membranes and electro-membrane processes, Adv. Colloid Interface Sci., 119 (2006) 97–130.
  20. J.H. Hong, Preparation and characterization of weak-base anion exchange membrane, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 17 (2011) 208–212.
  21. B.G. Shah, V.K. Shahi, S.K. Thampy, R. Rangarajan, P.K. Ghosh, Comparative studies on performance of interpolymer and heterogeneous ion-exchange membranes for water desalination by electrodialysis, Desalination, 172 (2005) 257–265.
  22. H.J. Lee, M.K. Hong, S.D. Han, S.H. Moon, Influence of the heterogeneous structure on the electrochemical properties of anion exchange membranes, J. Membr. Sci., 320 (2008) 549–555.
  23. S.J. Park, H.K. An, An optimization of fabrication parameters for nanofibrous composite membrane using response surface methodology, Desal. Wat. Treat., 287 (2015) 350–361.
  24. T. Kikhavani, S.N. Ashrafizadeh, B. Van der Bruggen, Identification of optimum synthesis conditions for a novel anion exchange membrane by response surface methodology, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 131 (2014) 39888–39904.
  25. N.F. Razali, A.W. Mohammad, N. Hilal, C.P. Leo, J. Alam, Optimisation of polyethersulfone/polyaniline blended membranes using response surface methodology approach, Desalination, 311 (2013) 182–191.
  26. H.P. Ngang, A.L. Ahmad, S.C. Low, B.S. Ooi, Preparation of mixed-matrix membranes for micellar enhanced ultrafiltration based on response surface methodology, Desalination, 293 (2012) 71–20.
  27. M. Khayet, M.N.A. Seman, N. Hilal, Response surface modeling and optimization of composite nanofiltration modified membranes, J. Membr. Sci., 349 (2010) 113–122.
  28. T.W. Xu, F. Zha, Fundamental studies on a new series of anion exchange membranes: effect of simultaneous aminationcrosslinking processes on membranes ion-exchange capacity and dimensional stability, J. Membr. Sci., 199 (2002) 203–210.
  29. T. Xu, Z. Liu, Y. Li, W. Yang, Preparation and characterization of Type II anion exchange membranes from poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO), J. Membr. Sci., 320 (2008) 232–239.
  30. H. Ge, G.G. Wallace, Ion exchange properties of polypyrrole, React. Polym., 18 (1992) 133–140.
  31. Volkmar, M. Schmdit, J. Heitbaum, Ion exchange mechanism of polypyrrole and poly-N-methylpyrrole with tosylate as doping anion: an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance study, Electrochim. Acta, 38 (1993) 349–356.
  32. A. Joshi, S.A. Gangal, S.K. Gupta, Ammonia sensing properties of polypyrrole thin films at room temperatures, Sensor Actuate B-Chem., 156 (2011) 938–942.
  33. J. Hong, D. Li, H. Wang, Weak-base anion exchange membranes by amination of chlorinated polypropylene with polyethyleneimine at low temperature, J. Membr. Sci., 318 (2008) 441–444.
  34. A. Balasubramanian, S. Venkatesan, Optimization of process parameters using response surface methodology for the removal of phenol by emulsion liquid membrane, Pol. J. Chem. Technol., 14 (2012) 46–49.
  35. Y. Tanaka, Ion Exchange Membranes: Fundamentals and Applications, Membrane Science and Technology Series 12, 1st ed., Elsevier, Japan, 2007.
  36. D. Harvey, Modern Analytical Chemistry, McGraw-Hill Companies, USA, 2009.
  37. T. Xu, K. Hu, A simple determination of counter-ionic permselectivity in an ion exchange membrane from bi-ionic membrane potential measurements: permselectivity of anionic species in a novel anion exchange membrane, Sep. Purif. Technol., 40 (2004) 231–236.
  38. J.S. Koo, N.S. Kwak, T.S. Hwang, Synthesis and properties of an anion-exchange membrane based on vinylbenzyl chloride– styrene–ethyl methacrylate copolymers, J. Membr. Sci., 423 (2012) 293–301.
  39. X. Tongwen, Y. Weihua, Fundamental studies of a new series of anion exchange membranes: membrane preparation and characterization, J. Membr. Sci., 190 (2001) 159–166.