References

  1. G. Tchobanoglous, F.L. Burton, Wastewater Engineering, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1991.
  2. K.S. Hashim, R.A. Khaddar, N. Jasim, A. Shaw, D. Phipps, P. Kot, M. O.Pedrola, A.W. Alattabi, M. Abdulredha, R.Alawsh, Electrocoagulation as a green technology for phosphate removal from river water, Separ. Purif. Technol., 210 (2019) 135–144.
  3. A.E. Durrant, M.D. Scrimshaw, I. Stratful, J.N. Lester, Review of the feasibility of recovering phosphate from wastewater for use as a raw material by the phosphate industry, J. Environ. Technol., 20 (1999) 749–758.
  4. S. Katsev, I. Tsandev, I. L’Heureux, D.G. Rancourt, Factors controlling long-term phosphorus efflux from lake sediments: exploratory reactive-transport modeling, Chem. Geol., 234 (2006) 127–147.
  5. E.M. Bennett, S.R. Carpenter, N.F. Caraco, Human impact on erodable phosphorus and eutrophication: a global perspective: increasing accumulation of phosphorus in soil threatens rivers, lakes, and coastal oceans with eutrophication, AIBS Bull., 51 (2001) 227–234.
  6. A.O. Fadiran, S.C. Dlamini, A. Mavuso, A comparative study of the phosphate levels in some surface and ground water bodies of Swaziland, Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop., 22, (2008) 197–206.
  7. U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Mineral Commodity Summaries, Reston, Virginia, 2018.
  8. C. Chen, W. Zhu, C. Wang, H. Zhang, N. Lin, Transformation of phosphorus during sub-and supercritical water gasification of dewatered cyanobacteria and one-step phosphorus recovery, J. Supercrit. Fluids, 2018.
  9. L. Egle, H. Rechberger, J. Krampe, M. Zessner, Phosphorus recovery from municipal wastewater: an integrated comparative technological, environmental and economic assessment of P recovery technologies, Sci. Total Environ., 571 (2016) 522–542.
  10. R.W. Scholz, A.H. Roy, D.T. Hellums, A.E. Ulrich, Sustainable Phosphorus Management: a Global Transdisciplinary Challenge, Springer, New York, 2014, pp. 1–113.
  11. H.M. Huang, J.H. Liu, L. Ding, Recovery of phosphate and ammonia nitrogen from the anaerobic digestion supernatant of activated sludge by chemical precipitation, J. Clean. Prod., 102 (2015) 437–446.
  12. R. Barat, T. Montoya, A. Seco, J. Ferrer, Modelling biological and chemically induced precipitation of calcium phosphate in enhanced biological phosphorus removal systems, Water Res., 45 (2011) 3744–3752.
  13. K. Okano, M. Uemoto, J. Kagami, K. Miura, T. Aketo, M. Toda, K. Honda, H. Ohtake, Novel technique for phosphorus recovery from aqueous solutions using amorphous calcium silicate hydrates (A-CSHs), Water Res., 47 (2013) 2251–2259.
  14. M. Rathod, K. Mody, S. Basha, Efficient removal of phosphate from aqueous solutions by red seaweed, Kappaphycusalverezii, J. Clean. Prod., 84 (2015) 484–493.
  15. A.T.K. Tran, Y. Zhang, D. De Corte, J. Hannes, W. Ye, P. Mondal, N. Jullok, B. Meesschaert, L. Pinoy, B.V. Bruggen, P-recovery as calcium phosphate from wastewater using an integrated selectrodialysis/crystallization process, J. Clean. Prod., 77 (2014) 140–151.
  16. R.K. Gautam, S. Banerjee, P.K. Gautam, M. Chattopadhyaya, Remediation technologies for phosphate removal from wastewater: an overview, Adv. Environ. Res., 36 (2014) 177–200.
  17. E. Lacasa, P. Canizares, C. Saez, F.J. Fernandez, M.A. Rodrigo, Electrochemical phosphates removal using iron and aluminum electrodes, Chem. Eng. J., 172 (2011) 137–143.
  18. M.Y.A. Mollah, R. Schennach, J.R. Parga, D.L. Cocke, Electrocoagulation (EC) - science and applications, J. Hazard. Mater., 84 (2001) 29–41.
  19. I. Kabdasli, I. Arslan-Alaton, T. Olmez-Han, O. Tunay, Electrocoagulation applications for industrial wastewater: a critical review, Environ. Technol. Rev., 1 (2012) 2–45.
  20. A. Attour, N. Ben Grich, M. Mouldi Tlili, M. Ben Amor, F. Lapicque, J-P. Leclerc, Intensification of phosphate removal using electrocoagulation treatment by continuous pH adjustment and optimal electrode connection mode, Desal. Wat. Treat., 57 (2016) 13255–13262.
  21. M. Behbahani, M.R.A. Moghaddam, M. Arami, A comparison between aluminum and iron electrodes on removal of phosphate from aqueous solutions by electrocoagulation process, Int. J. Environ. Res., 5 (2011) 403–412.
  22. Y. Tian, W. He, X. Zhu, W. Yang, N. Ren, B.E. Logan, Energy efficient electrocoagulation using an air-breathing cathode to remove nutrients from wastewater, Chem. Eng. J., 292 (2016) 308–314.
  23. A. Attour, M. Touati, M. Tlili, M.B. Amor, F. Lapicque, J.P. Leclerc, Influence of operating parameters on phosphate removal from water by electrocoagulation using aluminum electrodes, Sep. Purif. Technol., 123, (2014) 124–129.
  24. N. Bektas, H. Akbulut, H. Inan, A. Dimoglo, Removal of phosphate from aqueous solutions by electro-coagulation, J. Hazard. Mater., 106 (2004) 101–105.
  25. C. Akarsu, Y. Ozay, N. Dizge, H.E. Gulsen, H. Ates, B. Gozmen, M. Turabik, Electrocoagulation and nanofiltration integrated process application in purification of bilge water using response surface methodology, Water Sci. Technol., 74 (2016) 564–579.
  26. S. Zodi, O. Potier, C. Michon, H. Poirot, G. Valentin, J.P. Leclerc, F. Lapicque, Removal of arsenic and COD from industrial wastewaters by electrocoagulation, J. Electrochem. Sci. Eng., 1 (2011) 55–65.
  27. I. Zongo, J.P. Leclerc, H.A. Maïga, B. Wéthé, F. Lapicque, Removal of hexavalent chromium from industrial wastewater by electrocoagulation: a comprehensive comparison of aluminium and iron electrodes, Sep. Purif. Technol., 66 (2009) 159–166.
  28. E. Bazrafshan, A.H. Mahvi, S. Naseri, A.R. Mesdaghinia, Performance evaluation of electrocoagulation process for removal of chromium (VI) from synthetic chromium solutions using iron and aluminum electrodes, Turkish J. Eng. Environ. Sci., 32 (2008) 59–66.
  29. F. Deniz, C.Akarsu, Operating cost and treatment of boron from aqueous solutions by electrocoagulation in low concentration, Global Challenges, 2018.
  30. A. Benhadji, M.T. Ahmed, R. Maachi, Electrocoagulation and effect of cathode materials on the removal of pollutants from tannery wastewater of Rouïba, Desalination, 277 (2011) 128–134.
  31. N. Dizge, C. Akarsu, Y. Ozay, H.E. Gulsen, S.K. Adiguzel, M.A. Mazmanci, Sono-assisted electrocoagulation and cross-flow membrane processes for brewery wastewater treatment, J. Water Process Eng., 21 (2018) 52–60.
  32. N. Huda, A.A.A. Raman, M.M. Bello, S. Ramesh, Electrocoagulation treatment of raw landfill leachate using iron-based electrodes: effects of process parameters and optimization, J. Environ. Manage., 204 (2017) 75–81.
  33. M. Millán, M.A. Rodrigo, C.M. Fernández-Marchante, S. Díaz-Abad, M.C. Peláez, P. Cañizares, J. Lobato, Towards the sustainable powering of the electrocoagulation of wastewater through the use of solar-vanadium redox flow battery: a first approach, Electrochim. Acta, 270 (2018) 14–21.
  34. E. Bazrafshan, A.H. Mahvi, S. Nasseri, M. Shaieghi, Performance evaluation of electrocoagulation process for diazinon removal from aqueous environments by using iron electrodes, Iran. J. Environ. Health Sci. Eng., 4 (2007) 127–132.
  35. H.E. Gulsen, C. Akarsu, G.K. Turkay, H. Kumbur, Application of fenton and electro-fenton processes to the removal of dexketoprofen from aqueous solutions, J. Envıron. Protect. Ecol., 18 (2017) 1109–1116.
  36. E. Bazrafshan, K.A. Ownagh, A.H. Mahvi, Application of electrocoagulation process using Iron and Aluminum electrodes for fluoride removal from aqueous environment, J. Chemistry, 9 (2012) 2297–2308.
  37. A. Shalaby, E. Nassef, A. Mubark, M. Hussein, Phosphate removal from wastewater by electrocoagulation using aluminium electrodes, Amer. J. Environ. Eng. Sci., 1 (2014) 90–98.
  38. H. Huang, D. Zhang, Z. Zhao, P. Zhang, F.Gao, Comparison investigation on phosphate recovery from sludge anaerobic supernatant using the electrocoagulation process and chemical precipitation, J. Cleaner Prod., 141 (2017) 429–438.
  39. A.H. Mahvi, S.J.A.D. Ebrahimi, A. Mesdaghinia, H. Gharibi, M.H. Sowlat, Performance evaluation of a continuous bipolar electrocoagulation/electrooxidation–electroflotation (ECEO– EF) reactor designed for simultaneous removal of ammonia and phosphate from wastewater effluent, J. Hazard. Mater., 192 (2011) 1267–1274.
  40. J. Rodier, C. Bazin, J.C. Broutin, P. Chambon, H. Champsaur, L. Rodi, L’analyse de l’eau, 8ème édition, Dunod, Paris, 1996.
  41. S. Vasudevan, J. Lakshmi, G. Sozhan, Optimization of electrocoagulation process for the simultaneous removal of mercury, lead and nickel from contaminated water, Environ. Sci. Pollut., 19 (2012) 2734–2744.
  42. Energy Atlas, September 4, 2018. Available at http://www.enerjiatlasi.com/elektrik-fiyatlari/
  43. Iron News, September 4, 2018 Available at https://www.demirhaber.com/
  44. K.N. Chithra, N. Balasubramania, Modeling electrocoagulation through adsorption kinetic, J. Model. Simulat. Syst., 1 (2010) 124–130.
  45. Y.A. Ouaissa, M.Chabani, A. Amrane, A.Bensmaili, Removal of tetracycline by electrocoagulation: kinetic and isotherm modeling through adsorption, J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 2 (2014) 177–184.
  46. N. Balasubramanian, T. Kojima, C. Srinivasakannan, Arsenic removal through electrocoagulation: kinetic and statistical modeling, Chem. Eng. J., 155 (2009) 76–82.
  47. E. Bazrafshan, L. Mohammadi, A. Ansari-Moghaddam, A.H. Mahvi, Heavy metals removal from aqueous environments by electrocoagulation process–a systematic review, J. Environ. Health Sci. Eng., 13 (2015) 74.
  48. P.M. Lakshmi, P. Sivashanmugam, Treatment of oil tanning effluent by electrocoagulation: influence of ultrasound and hybrid electrode on COD removal, Sep. Purif. Technol., 116 (2013) 378–384.
  49. A. Attour, M. Touati, M. Tlili, M. Ben Amor, F. Lapicque, J.P. Leclerc, Influence of operating parameters on phosphate removal from water by electrocoagulation using aluminum electrodes, Sep. Purif. Technol., 123 (2014) 124–129.
  50. A. García-García, V.M. Miranda, I.G.M. Cienfuegos, P.T.A. Sánchez, M.C. Juárez, I.L. Hernández, Industrial wastewater treatment by electrocoagulation–electrooxidation processes powered by solar cells, Fuel, 149 (2015) 46–54.
  51. M. Kobya, E. Demirbas, A. Dedeli, M.T. Sensoy, Treatment of rinse water from zinc phosphate coating by batch and continuous electrocoagulation processes, J. Hazard. Mater., 173 (2010) 326–334.
  52. A. H.Mahvi, E.Bazrafshan, Removal of cadmium from industrial effluents by electrocoagulation process using aluminum electrodes, World Appl. Sci. J., 2 (2007) 34–39.
  53. U.T. Un, A.S. Koparal, U. B.Ogutveren, Electrocoagulation of vegetable oil refinery wastewater using aluminum electrodes, J. Environ. Manage., 90 (2009) 428–433.
  54. S. Gao, J. Yang, J. Tian, F. Ma, G. Tu, M. Du, Electro-coagulationflotation process for algae removal, J. Hazard. Mater., 177 (2010) 336–343.
  55. Y. Yavuz, U.B. Ogutveren, Treatment of industrial estate wastewater by the application of electrocoagulation process using iron electrodes, J. Environ. Manage., 207 (2018) 151–158.
  56. E. Mohora, S. Roncevic, B. Dalmacija, J. Agbaba, M. Watson, E. Karlovic, M. Dalmacija, Removal of natural organic matter and arsenic from water by electrocoagulation/flotation continuous flow reactor, J. Hazard. Mater., 235–236 (2012) 257–264.
  57. A. Shaw, K.S. Hashim, R. Alkhaddar, M.O. Pedrola, D. Phipps, Influence of electrodes spacing on internal temperature of electrocoagulation (EC) cells during the removal (Fe II) from drinking water, The 3rd BUID Annual Doctoral Research Conference,The British University, Dubai, 2017.
  58. P.I. Omwene, M. Kobya, Treatment of domestic wastewater phosphate by electrocoagulation using Fe and Al electrodes: a comparative study, Process Safety Environ. Protect., 116 (2018) 34–51.