References

  1. World Health Organization (WHO), Guidelines for Drinkingwater Quality, Incorporating First Addendum to 3rd ed., Vol. 1, Recommendations, World Health Organization, Geneva, 2006, p. 595.
  2. M. Zhang, C. Chen, L. Mao, Q. Wu, Use of electroplating sludge in production of fired clay bricks: characterization and environmental risk evaluation, Constr. Build. Mater., 159 (2018) 27–36.
  3. M.A. Martín-Lara, G. Blázquez, M.C. Trujillo, A. Pérez, M. Calero, New treatment of real electroplating wastewater containing heavy metal ions by adsorption onto olive stone, J. Cleaner Prod., 81 (2014) 120–129.
  4. G.S. Simate, N. Maledi, A. Ochieng, S. Ndlovu, J. Zhang, L.F. Walubita, Coal-based adsorbents for water and wastewater treatment, J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 4 (2016) 2291–2312.
  5. S. Kumar, B.C. Meikap, Removal of Chromium(VI) from waste water by using adsorbent prepared from green coconut shell, Desal. Wat. Treat., 52 (2014) 3122–3132.
  6. S.K. Yadav, S. Sinha, D.K. Singh, Chromium(VI) removal from aqueous solution and industrial wastewater by modified date palm trunk, Environ. Prog. Sustainable Energy, 34 (2015) 452–460.
  7. S. Rangabhashiyam, E. Suganya, N. Selvaraju, Packed bed column investigation on hexavalent chromium adsorption using activated carbon prepared from Swietenia Mahogani fruit shells, Desal. Wat. Treat., 57 (2015) 13048–13055.
  8. V. Karthik, K. Saravanan, E. Nakkeeran, N. Selvaraju, Biosorption of turquoise blue dye from aqueous solution by dried fungal biomass (Trichoderma harzianum) – kinetic, isotherm and thermodynamic studies, Desal. Wat. Treat., 74 (2017) 362–370.
  9. S. Rangabhashiyam, S.N. Selvaraju, Equilibrium and kinetic modeling of chromium (VI) removal from aqueous solution by a novel biosorbent, Res. J. Chem. Environ., 18 (2014) 30–36.
  10. R. Malik, D.S. Ramteke, S.R. Wate, Adsorption of malachite green on groundnut shell waste based powdered activated carbon, Waste Manage., 27 (2007) 1129–1138.
  11. Mu. Naushad, A.A. Ansari, Z.A. ALOthman, J. Mittal, Synthesis and characterization of YVO4:Eu3+ nanoparticles: kinetics and isotherm studies for the removal of Cd2+ metal ion, Desal. Wat. Treat., 57 (2016) 2081–2088.
  12. A. Mittal, Mu. Naushad, G. Sharma, Z.A. ALOthman, S.M. Wabaidur, M. Alam, Fabrication of MWCNTs/ThO2 nanocomposite and its adsorption behavior for the removal of Pb(II) metal from aqueous medium, Desal. Wat. Treat., 57 (2016) 21863–21869.
  13. Mu. Naushad, A. ALOthman, Md. R. Awual, M.M. Alam, G.E. Eldesoky, Adsorption kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamic studies for the adsorption of Pb2+ and Hg2+ metal ions from aqueous medium using Ti(IV) iodovanadate cation exchanger, Ionics, 21 (2015) 2237–2245.
  14. M. Naushad, Z.A. ALOthman, Inamuddin, H. Javadian, Removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solution using ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid-Zr(IV) iodate composite cation exchanger: kinetics, isotherms and thermodynamic studies, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 25 (2015) 35–41.
  15. Mu. Naushad, T. Ahamad, Z.A. Alothman, M.A. Shar, N.S. Alhokbany, S.M. Alshehri, Synthesis, characterization and application of curcumin formaldehyde resin for the removal of Cd2+ from wastewater: kinetics, isotherms and thermodynamic studies, Ind. Eng. Chem., 29 (2015) 78–86.
  16. Y. Gutha, V.S. Munagapati, Mu. Naushad, K. Abburi, Removal of Ni(II) from aqueous solution by Lycopersicum esculentum (Tomato) leaf powder as a low-cost biosorbent, Desal. Wat. Treat., 54 (2015) 200–208.
  17. R. Bushra, Mu. Naushad, R. Adnan, Z.A. Alothman, M. Rafatullah, Polyaniline supported nanocomposite cation exchanger: synthesis, characterization and applications for the efficient removal of Pb2+ ion from aqueous medium, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 21 (2015) 1112–1118.
  18. M. Naushad, Surfactant assisted nano-composite cation exchanger: development, characterization and applications for the removal of toxic Pb2+ from aqueous medium, Chem. Eng. J., 235 (2014) 100–108.
  19. M. Ghasemi, Mu. Naushad, N. Ghasemi, Y. Khosravi-Fard, A novel agricultural waste based adsorbent for the removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solution: kinetics, equilibrium and thermodynamic studies, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 20 (2014) 454–461.
  20. M. Ghasemi, Mu. Naushad, N. Ghasemi, Y. Khosravi-fard, Adsorption of Pb(II) from aqueous solution using new adsorbents prepared from agricultural waste: adsorption isotherm and kinetic studies, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 20 (2014) 2193–2199.
  21. IS: 1350 (Part 1), Methods of Test for Coal and Coke. Proximate Analysis (Second Revision), Amendment 1,28, Indian Standards Institute, New Delhi, India, 1984.
  22. Z.A. ALOthman, Mu. Naushad, R. Ali, Kinetic, equilibrium isotherm and thermodynamic studies of Cr(VI) adsorption onto low-cost adsorbent developed from peanut shell activated with phosphoric acid, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 20 (2013) 3351–3365.
  23. T.A. Khan, V.V. Singh, Removal of cadmium(II), lead(II), and chromium(VI) ions from aqueous solution using clay, Toxicol. Environ. Chem., 92 (2010) 1435–1446.
  24. M. Ajmal, R.A.K. Rao, R. Ahmad, Adsorption studies of heavy metals on Tectona grandis: removal and recovery of Zn (II) from electroplating wastes, J. Dispersion Sci. Technol., 32 (2011) 851–856.
  25. S. Nag, A. Mondal, U. Mishra, N. Bar, S.K. Das, Removal of chromium(VI) from aqueous solutions using rubber leaf powder: batch and column studies, Desal. Wat. Treat., 57 (2016) 16927–16942.
  26. I.-H. Liao, J.-H. Huang, S.-L. Wang, M.-P. Cheng, J.-C. Liu, Adsorptions of Cd(II) and Pb(II) in aqueous solution by ricestraw char, Desal. Wat. Treat., 57 (2016) 21619–21626.
  27. Z.A. ALOthman, R. Ali, Mu. Naushad, Hexavalent chromium removal from aqueous medium by activated carbon prepared from peanut shell: adsorption kinetics, equilibrium and thermodynamic studies, Chem. Eng. J., 184 (2012) 238–247.
  28. D. Vasanth, G. Pugazhenthi, R. Uppaluri, Biomass assisted microfiltration of chromium(VI) using Baker’s yeast by ceramic membrane prepared from low cost raw materials, Desalination, 285 (2012) 239–244.
  29. https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/General_Chemistry.
  30. U. Maheshwari, S. Gupta, Removal of Cr(VI) from wastewater using activated neem bark in a fixed-bed column: interference of other ions and kinetic modelling studies, Desal. Wat. Treat., 57 (2016) 8514–8525.
  31. B. Saha, C. Orvig, Biosorbents for hexavalent chromium elimination from industrial and municipal effluents, Coord. Chem. Rev., 254 (2010) 2959–2972.
  32. S. Suganya, K. Kayalvizhi, P. Senthil Kumar, A. Saravanan, V.V. Kumar, Biosorption of Pb(II), Ni(II) and Cr(VI) ions from aqueous solution using Rhizoclonium tortuosum: extended application to nickel plating industrial wastewater, Desal. Wat. Treat., 57 (2016) 25114–25139.
  33. K.J. Cronje, K. Chetty, M. Carsky, J.N. Sahu, B.C. Meikap, Optimization of chromium(VI) sorption potential using developed activated carbon from sugarcane bagasse with chemical activation by zinc chloride, Desalination, 275 (2011) 276–284.
  34. K.M. Sreenivas, M.B. Inarkar, S.V. Gokhale, S.S. Lele, Re-utilization of ash gourd (Benincasa hispida) peel waste for chromium (VI) biosorption: equilibrium and column studies, J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 2 (2014) 455–462.
  35. S. Wang, H. Li, Kinetic modeling and mechanism of dye adsorption on unburned carbon, Dyes Pigm., 72 (2007) 308–314.
  36. S. Rangabhashiyam, M.S. Giri Nandagopal, E. Nakkeeran, N. Selvaraju, Adsorption of hexavalent chromium from synthetic and electroplating effluent on chemically modified Swietenia mahagoni shell in a packed bed column, Environ. Monit. Assess., 188 (2016) 2–13.
  37. M.H. Fatehi, J. Shayegan, M. Zabihi, I. Goodarznia, Functionalized magnetic nanoparticles supported on activated carbon for adsorption of Pb(II) and Cr(VI) ions from saline solutions, J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 5 (2017) 1754–1762.
  38. Mu. Naushad, T. Ahamad, B.M. Al-Maswari, A.A. Alqadami, S.M. Alshehri, Nickel ferrite bearing nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon as efficient adsorbent for the removal of highly toxic metal ion from aqueous medium, Chem. Eng. J., 330 (2017) 1351–1360.
  39. J. Yu, C. Jiang, Q. Guan, P. Ning, J. Gu, Q. Chen, J. Zhang, R. Miao, Enhanced removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution by supported ZnO nanoparticles on biochar derived from waste water hyacinth, Chemosphere, 195 (2018) 632–640.
  40. Y.S. Ho, G. Mckay, D.A.J. Wase, C.F. Forster, Study of the sorption of divalent metal ions on to peat, Adsorpt. Sci. Technol., 18 (2000) 639–650.
  41. I. Enniya, L. Rghioui, A. Jourani, Adsorption of hexavalent chromium in aqueous solution on activated carbon prepared from apple peels, Sustainable Chem. Pharm., 7 (2018) 9–16.
  42. D. Sarkar, S.K. Das, P. Mukherjee, A. Bandyopadhyay, Proposed adsorption–diffusion model for characterizing chromium(VI) removal using dried water hyacinth roots, Clean Soil Air Water, 38 (2010) 764–770.
  43. T. Shi, D. Yang, H. Yang, J. Ye, Q. Cheng, Preparation of chitosan crosslinked modified silicon material and its adsorption capability for chromium(VI), Appl. Clay Sci., 142 (2017) 100–108.
  44. P.K. Sharma, S. Ayub, C.N. Tripathi, Isotherms describing physical adsorption of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution using various agricultural wastes as adsorbents, Cogent Eng., 3 (2016) 1–20.
  45. P.S. Kumar, S. Ramalingam, R.V. Abhinaya, S.D. Kirupha, A. Murugesan, S. Sivanesan, Adsorption of metal ions onto the chemically modified agricultural waste, Chem. Eng. J., 167 (2011) 122–131.
  46. P.S. Kumar, S. Ramalingam, V. Sathyaselvabala, S.D. Kirupha, S. Sivanesan, Removal of copper(II) ions from aqueous solution by adsorption using cashew nut shell, Desalination, 266 (2011) 63–71.
  47. N. Daneshvar, D. Salari, S. Aber, Chromium adsorption and Cr(VI) reduction to trivalent chromium in aqueous solutions by soya cake, J. Hazard. Mater., 94 (2002) 49–61.
  48. V.C. Srivastava, I.D. Mall, I.M. Mishra, Removal of cadmium(II) and zinc(II) metal ions from binary aqueous solution by rice husk ash, Colloids Surf., A, 312 (2008) 172–184.
  49. A.A. Alqadami, Mu. Naushad, Z.A. Alothman, A.A. Ghfar, Novel metal–organic framework (MOF) based composite material for the sequestration of U(VI) and Th(IV) metal ions from aqueous environment, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 9 (2017) 36026–36037.
  50. D.H. Lataye, I.M. Mishra, I.D. Mall, Adsorption of α-picoline onto rice husk ash and granular activated carbon from aqueous solution: equilibrium and thermodynamic study, Chem. Eng. J., 147 (2009) 139–149.
  51. S. Suresh, V.C. Srivastava, I.M. Mishra, Isotherm, thermodynamics, desorption, and disposal study for the adsorption of catechol and resorcinol onto granular activated carbon, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 56 (2011) 811–818.
  52. A.A. Alqadami, Mu. Naushad, M.A. Abdalla, T. Ahamad, Z.A. ALOthman, S.M. Alshehri, A.A. Ghfar, Efficient removal of toxic metal ions from wastewater using a recyclable nanocomposite: a study of adsorption parameters and interaction mechanism, J. Cleaner Prod., 156 (2017) 426–436.
  53. M.E. Ossman, M.S. Mansour, M.A. Fattah, N. Taha, Y. Kiros, Peanut shells and talc powder for removal of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solutions, Bulg. Chem. Commun., 46 (2014) 629–639.
  54. Mu. Naushad, T. Ahamad, G. Sharma, A.H. Al-Muhtaseb, A.B. Albadarin, M.M. Alam, Z.A. ALOthman, S.M. Alshehri, A.A. Ghfar, Synthesis and characterization of a new starch/SnO2 nanocomposite for efficient adsorption of toxic Hg2+ metal ion, Chem. Eng. J., 300 (2016) 306–316.