References

  1. WHO/UNICEF, Progress on Drinking Water, Sanitation and Hygiene: 2017 Update and SDG Baselines, World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), New York, 2017.
  2. World Bank, Promising Progress: A Diagnostic of Water Supply, Sanitation, Hygiene, and Poverty in Bangladesh, WASH Poverty Diagnostic, World Bank, Washington, DC, USA, 2018.
  3. MoLGRD, National Strategy for Water Supply and Sanitation, Local Government Division, Ministry of Local Government, Rural Development and Cooperatives, Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh, 2014.
  4. S. Hassan, A. Rokeya, Hard to reach areas: providing water supply and sanitation services to all (English), Water and sanitation program (WSP) Guidance note, World Bank, Washington DC, 2012.
  5. WHO/UNICEF, A Toolkit for Monitoring and Evaluating Household Water Treatment and Safe Storage Programmes, World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), New York, 2012.
  6. T.F. Clasen, Scaling Up Household Water Treatment Among Low-Income Population, World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, Switzerland, 2009.
  7. C.E. Stauber, G.M. Ortiz, D.P. Loomis, M.D. Sobsey, A randomized controlled trial of the concrete biosand filter and its impact on diarrheal disease in Bonao, Dominica Republic, Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 80 (2009) 286–293.
  8. M.A. Elliott, C.E. Stauber, F. Koksal, F.A. DiGiano, M.D. Sobsey, Reductions of E-coli, echovirus type 12 and bacteriophages in an intermittently operated household-scale slow sand filter, Water Res., 42 (2008) 2662–2670.
  9. M.D. Sobsey, C.E. Stauber, L.M. Casanova, J.M. Brown, M.A. Elliott, Point of use household drinking water filtration: a practical, effective solution for providing sustained access to safe drinking water in the developing world, Environ. Sci. Technol., 42 (2008) 4261–4267.
  10. W.D. Duke, R.N. Nordin, D. Baker, A. Mazumder, The use and performance of BioSand filters in the Artibonite Valley of Haiti: a field study of 107 households, Rural Remote Health, 6 (2006) 570.
  11. G. Palmateer, D. Manz, A. Jurkovic, R. McInnis, S. Unger, K.K. Kwan, B.J. Dutka, Toxicant and parasite challenge of Manz intermittent slow sand filter, Environ. Toxicol., 14 (1999) 217–225.
  12. CAWST, Biosand Filter Construction Manual: A CAWST Participant Manual August 2012 Edition, Calgary, Canada. Available from: https://resources.cawst.org/constructionmanual/a90b9f50/biosand-filter-construction-manual (Accessed 12 April 2017).
  13. T.J. Kennedy, E.A. Hernandez, A.N. Morse, T.A. Anderson, Hydraulic loading rate effect on removal rates in a biosand filter: a pilot study of three conditions, Water Air Soil Pollut., 223 (2012) 4527–4537.
  14. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater 22nd ed., American Public Health Association (APHA)/American Water Works Association (AWWA)/ Water Environment Federation (WEF), Washington DC, 2012.
  15. J. Haarhoff, J.L. Cleasby, Biological and physical mechanisms in slow sand filtration, In: G.S. Logsdon, Ed., Slow Sand Filtration, American Society of Civil Engineers, New York, 1991.
  16. M.W. Jenkins, S.K. Tiwari, J. Darby, Bacterial, viral and turbidity removal by intermittent slow sand filtration for household use in developing countries: experimental investigation and modeling, Water Res., 45 (2011) 6227–6239.
  17. H. Chiew, M.L. Sampson, S. Huch, S. Ken, C.B. Benjamin, Effect of groundwater iron and phosphate on the efficacy of arsenic removal by iron amended biosand filters, Environ. Sci. Technol., 43 (2009) 6295–6300.
  18. H.M. Murphy, E.A. McBean, K. Farahbaksh, Nitrification, denitrification and ammonification in point-of-use biosand filters in rural Cambodia, J. Water Health, 82 (2010) 803–817.
  19. G. Nakhla, S. Farooq, Simultaneous nitrification denitrification in slow sand filters, J. Hazard. Mater., 96 (2003) 291–303.
  20. WHO, Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality Incorporating First Addendum, Recommendations, 4th ed., World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, Switzerland, 2017.
  21. J.D. Beaton, H.B. Peterson, N. Bauer, Some aspects of phosphate adsorption by charcoal, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 24 (1960) 340–346.
  22. J. Wright, S. Gundry, S. Conroy, Household drinking water in developing countries: a systematic review of microbiological contamination between source and point-of-use, Trop. Med. Int. Health, 9 (2004) 106–117.
  23. A.F. Trevett, R.C. Carter, S.F. Tyrrel, The importance of domestic water quality management in the context of faecal–oral disease transmission, J. Water Health, 3 (2005) 259–270.
  24. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Chlorine Residual Testing Fact Sheet, CDC Safe Water Systems (SWS) Project, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA, 2012. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/safewater/publications_pages/chlorineresidual.pdf, (Accessed 14 March 2018).
  25. N. Kotlarz, D. Lantagne, K. Preston, K. Jellison, Turbidity and chlorine demand reduction using locally available physical water clarification mechanisms before household chlorination in developing countries, J. Water Health, 7 (2009) 497–506.
  26. P.R. Hunter, A.M. MacDonald, R.C. Carter, Water supply and health, PLoS Med., 7 (2010) 1–9.
  27. R. Lenton, A. Wright, Interim report on task force 7 on water and sanitation, Millennium project, UNO, United Nations Development Group, New York, 2004.
  28. M. Peter-Varbanets, C. Zurbrugg, C. Swartz, W. Pronk, Decentralized systems for potable water and the potential of membrane technology, Water Res., 43 (2009) 245–265.
  29. M.A. Islam, H. Sakakibara, M.R. Karim, M. Sekine, Potable water scarcity: options and issues in the coastal areas of Bangladesh, J. Water Health, 11 (2013) 532–542.
  30. M.M. Islam, F.N.F. Chou, M.R. Kabir, C.H. Liaw, Rainwater: a potential alternative source for scarce safe drinking and arsenic contaminated water in Bangladesh, Water Resour. Manage., 24 (2010) 3987–4008.
  31. G.C. Ghosh, S. Jahan, B. Chakraborty, A. Akter, Potential of household rainwater harvesting for drinking water supply in hazard prone coastal area of Bangladesh, Nature Environ. Pollut. Technol., 14 (2015) 937–942.
  32. M.A.Y.A. Harun, G.M.M. Kabir, Evaluating pond sand filter as sustainable drinking water supplier in the southwest coastal region of Bangladesh, Appl. Water Sci., 3 (2012) 161–166.
  33. M.A. Islam, H. Sakakibara, M.R. Karim, M. Sekine, Z.H. Mahmud, Bacteriological assessment of drinking water supply options in coastal areas of Bangladesh, J. Water Health, 9 (2011) 415–428.