References
- Y.Q. Wang, Z.L. Xu, N. Lior, H. Zeng, An experimental study
of solar thermal vacuum membrane distillation desalination,
Desal. Water Treat., 53 (2015) 887–897.
- J.H. Lienhard V, M.A. Antar, A. Bilton, J. Blanco, G. Zaragoza,
Chapter 9 – Solar Desalination, In: Annual Review of
Heat Transfer, Vol. 15, Begell House, Inc., New York, 2012,
pp. 277–347.
- A. Essalhi, M. Khayet, Chapter 10 – Fundamentals of Membrane
Distillation, A. Basile, A. Figoli, M. Khayet, Eds., Pervaporation,
Vapour Permeation and Membrane Distillation: Principles
and Applications, Elsevier (Imprint: Woodhead Publishing),
ISBN: 9781782422464, 2015, pp. 277–316.
- S. Al-Obaidani, E. Curcio, F. Macedonio, G. Di Profio,
H. Al-Hinai, E. Drioli, Potential of membrane distillation in
seawater desalination: thermal efficiency, sensitivity study and
cost estimation, J. Membr. Sci., 323 (2008) 85–98.
- K.W. Lawson, D.R. Lloyd, Membrane distillation, J. Membr.
Sci., 124 (1997) 1–25.
- D. Winter, Membrane Distillation – A Thermodynamic,
Technological and Economic Analysis, Dissertation at the
University of Kaiserslautern 2014, Shaker Verlag, Aachen, 2015.
- J.A. Andrés-Mañas, A. Ruiz-Aguirre, F.G. Acién, G. Zaragoza,
Assessment of a pilot system for seawater desalination based
on vacuum multi-effect membrane distillation with enhanced
heat recovery, Desalination, 443 (2018) 110–121.
- A.E. Kabeel, M. Abdelgaied, E.M.S. El-Said, Study of a solardriven
membrane distillation system: evaporative cooling
effect on performance enhancement, Renewable Energy,
106 (2017) 192–200.
- A. Chafidz, E.D. Kerme, I. Wazeer, Y. Khalid, A. Ajbar,
S.M. Al-Zahrani, Design and fabrication of a portable and
hybrid solar-powered membrane distillation system, J. Cleaner
Prod., 133 (2016) 631–647.
- H.E.S. Fath, S.M. Elsherbiny, A.A. Hassan, M. Rommel,
M. Wieghaus, J. Koschikowski, M. Vatansever, PV and
thermally driven small-scale, stand-alone solar desalination
systems with very low maintenance needs, Desalination,
225 (2008) 58–69.
- A.S. Hassan, H.E.S. Fath, Review and assessment of the newly
developed MD for desalination processes, Desal. Water Treat.,
51 (2013) 574–585.
- F. Banat, N. Jwaied, M. Rommel, J. Koschikowski, M. Wieghaus,
Desalination by a “compact SMADES” autonomous solar
powered membrane distillation unit, Desalination, 217 (2007)
29–37.
- F. Banat, N. Jwaied, M. Rommel, J. Koschikowski,
M. Wieghaus, Performance evaluation of the “large SMADES”
autonomous desalination solar-driven membrane distillation
plant in Aqaba, Jordan, Desalination, 217 (2007) 17–28.
- N.C. Barford, Experimental Measurements: Precision, Error
and Truth, 2nd ed., John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1990.
- R.J. Moffat, Describing the uncertainties in experimental results,
Exp. Therm Fluid Sci., 1 (1988) 3–17.
- D. Winter, J. Koschikowski, M. Wieghaus, Desalination using
membrane distillation: experimental studies on full scale spiral
wound modules, J. Membr. Sci., 375 (2011) 104–112.