References
- S. Manahan, Fundamentals of Environmental and Toxicological
Chemistry: Sustainable Science, 4th ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton,
FL, 2013.
- WHO, Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality, 3rd ed., World
Health Organization, Geneva, 2004, p. 494.
- CDC, Industrial Water Uses in Manufacturing and Industry,
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2016.
- A.G. Heath, Water Pollution and Fish Physiology, 2nd ed.,
Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL, 1995.
- C. Sivaperuman, A. Singh, A. Velmurugan, I. Jaisankar,
Biodiversity and Climate Change Adaptation in Tropical
Islands, Academic Press, India, 2018.
- M. Haseena, F.M. Malik, A. Javed, S. Arshad, N. Asif, S. Zulfiqar,
J. Hanif, Water pollution and human health, Environ. Risk
Assess. Rem., 1 (2017) 16–19.
- S.A. Alrumman, A.F. El-Kott, M.A. Kehsk, Water pollution:
source and treatment, Am. J. Environ. Eng., 6 (2016) 88–98.
- D. Briggs, Environmental pollution and the global burden of
disease, Br. Med. Bull., 68 (2003) 1–24.
- K.R. Golwalkar, Chapter 7: Pollution Control, In: Production
Management of Chemical Industries, Springer International
Publishing, Nagpur, 2016, pp. 121–155.
- J.S. Abdullahi, K. Joseph, F.H. Joseph, The impact of kalerwe
abattior wastewater effluent on the water quality of the Nsooba
channel, Agric. Res. Technol. Open Access J., 6 (2017) 1–9.
- S.B. Zueva, A.N. Ostrikov, N.M. Ilyina, I. De Michelis, F. Veglió,
Coagulation processes for treatment of waste water from meat
industry, J. Waste Resour., 3 (2013) 1–4.
- M. Cournoyer, Sanitation and Stabilization of Slaughter-House
Sludges Through Compositing, Proceedings of the Canadian
Meat Research Institute Technology Symposium, Canadian
Meat Research Institute, Toronto, ON, 1996, pp. 1–7.
- EIP, Water Pollution from Slaughterhouses Three Quarters of
U.S. Meat Processing Plants that Discharge into Waterways
Violated their Permits 2016–2018, Environmental Integrity
Project, 2018, pp. 1–47.
- E. Bazrafashan, M.F. Kord, M. Farzadkia, K.A. Ownagh,
A.H. Mahvi, Slaughterhouse wastewater treament by combined
chemical coagulation and electrocoagulation process, PLoS
One, 7 (2012) 1–8.
- P. Kundu, A. Debsarkar, S. Mukherjee, Treatment of slaughter
house wastewater in a sequencing batch reactor: performance
evaluation and biodegradation kinetics, BioMed Res. Int., 2013
(2013) 1–11.
- L.C. Bustillo, M. Mehrvar, Slaughterhouse Wastewater:
Treatment, Management and Resource Recovery, In: Physico-
Chemical Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery,
Intech, Zagreb, 2017, pp. 153–174.
- I. Hamawand, Anaerobic digestion process and bio-energy in
meat industry: a review and a potential, Renewable Sustainable
Energy Rev., 44 (2015) 37–51.
- M. Botis, Purification of the wastewater from meat industry,
J. Process. Energy Agric., 19 (2015) 21–23.
- E.I. Atuanya, N.A. Nwogu, E.A. Akpor, Effluent qualitities of
government and private abattoirs and their effects on Ikpoba
River, Benin City Edo State, Nigeria, Adv. Biotechnol. Res.,
6 (2012) 196–201.
- D.I. Massé, L. Masse, Characterization of wastewater from hog
slaughterhouses in eastern Canada and evaluation of their in
plant wastewater treatment systems, Can. Agric. Eng., 42 (2000)
139–146.
- W.P. Tritt , F. Shuchardt, Materials flow and possibilities of
treating liquid and solid wastes from slaughterhouses in
Germany, Bioresour. Technol., 41 (1992) 235–245.
- J.M. Quin, P.N. McFarlane, Effects of slaughterhouse and dairy
factory wastewaters on epilithon: a comparison in laboratory
streams, Water Res., 23 (1989) 1267–1263.
- A.Y. Sangodoyin, O.M. Agbawhe, Environmental study on
surface and groundwater pollutans from abattoir effluents,
Bioresour. Technol., 41 (1992) 193–200.
- M.M. Cook, E.M. Symonds, B. Gerber, A. Hoare, E.S. Van Vleet,
M. Breitbart, Removal of six estrogenic endocrine-disrupting
compounds (EDCs) from municipal wastewater using
aluminum electrocoagulation, Water, 8 (2016) 1–15.
- A.A. Al-Raad, M.M. Hanafiah, S.M. Ahmed, M.A. Ajeel,
A.O. Basheer, T.A. Aljayashi, M.E. Toriman, Treatment of
saline water using electrocoagulation with combined electrical
connection of electrodes, Processes, 7 (2019) 1–13.
- M.Y.A. Mollah, R. Schennach, J.R. Parga, D.L. Cocke,
Electrocoagulation (EC)—science and applications, J. Hazard.
Mater., 84 (2001) 29–41.
- I. Kabdaşlı, A.I. Arslan, H.T. Ölmez, O. Tünay, Electrocoagulation
applications for industrial wastewaters: a critical review,
Environ. Technol. Rev., 1 (2012) 1–45.
- M. Rebhun, M. Lurie, Control of organic matter by coagulation
and floc separation, Water Sci. Technol., 27 (1993) 1–20.
- X. Carrier, E. Marceau, J.F. Lambert, M. Che, Transformations
of γ-alumina in aqueous suspensions: 1. alumina chemical
weathering studied as a function of pH, J. Colloid Interface Sci.,
308 (2007) 429–437.
- D. Ghernaout, A. Alghamdi, B. Ghernaout, Electrocoagulation
process: a mechanistic review at the dawn of its modeling,
J. Environ. Sci. Allied Res., 2 (2019) 22–38.
- L.K. Wang, N.K. Shammas, B.C. Wu, Electroflotation, In:
Handbook of Environmental Engineering Flotation Technology,
Humana Press, New York, NY, 2010, pp. 165–197.
- I. Mickova, Advanced electrochemical technologies in
wastewater treatment. Part II: electro-flocculation and electroflotation,
Am. Sci. Res. J. Eng. Technol. Sci., 14 (2015) 273–294.
- C.H.A. Moreno, D.L. Cocke, J.A.G. Gomes, P. Morkovsky,
J.R. Parga, E. Peterson, C. Garcia, Electrochemistry behind
electrocoagulation using iron electrodes, Electrochem. Soc.,
6 (2007) 1–15.
- A. Landels, T.A. Beacham, C.T. Evans, G. Carnovale, S. Raikova,
I.S. Cole, P. Goddard, C. Chuck, M.J. Allen, Improving
electrocoagulation floatation for harvesting microalgae, Algal
Res., 39 (2019) 1–16.
- C. Valenzuela, Química General Introducción a la Química
Teorica, Ediciones Universidad Salamanca, Salamanca, 1995.
- X. Chen, G. Chen, Electroflotation, C. Comninellis, G. Chen,
Eds., Electrochemistry for the Environment, Springer, New
York, NY, 2010, pp. 264–277.
- L.K. Wang, N.K. Shammas, P.C.N.L. Wang, Remediation of
Sites Contaminated by Underground Storage Tank Release,
L.K. Wang, Y.T. Hung, N.K. Shammas, Eds., Handbook of
Advanced Industrial and Hazardous Wastes Treatment, CRC
Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2009, pp. 687–758.
- M. Krofta, L.K. Wang, Flotation Engineering Technical Manual
No. Lenox/1–06–2000/368, Lenox Institute of Water Technology,
Lenox, MA, 2000.
- S.H. Abbas, W.H. Ali, Electrocoagulation technique used to
treat wastewater: a review, Am. J. Eng. Res., 7 (2018) 74–88.
- B.M.B. Ensano, L. Borea, V. Naddeo, V. Belgiorno,
M.D.G. de Luna, F.C. Ballesteros, Removal of pharmaceuticals
from wasterwater by intermittent electrocoagulation, Water,
9 (2017) 1–15.
- S. Thakur, M.S. Chauhan, Treatment of wastewater by
electrocoagulation: a review, J. Eng. Sci. Innovative Technol.,
5 (2016) 104–110.
- P. Canizares, M. Carmona, J. Lobato, F. Martinez, M.A. Rodrigo,
Electrodissolution of aluminum electrodes in electrocoagulation
processes, Ind. Eng. Chem., 44 (2005) 4178–4185.
- M. Eyvaz, Treatment of brewery wastewater with
electrocoagulation: improving the process performance by
using alternating pulse current, J. Electrochem. Sci., 11 (2016)
4988–5008.
- H. Liu, X. Zhao, J. Qu, Electrocoagulation in Water Treatment,
C. Comninellis, G. Chen, Eds., Electrochemistry for the
Environment, Springer, New York, NY, 2010, pp. 245–262.
- M.S. Kim, S. Dockko, G. Myung, D.H. Kwak, Feasibility study
of high-rate dissolved air flotation process for rapid wastewater
treatment, J. Water Supply Res. Technol. AQUA, 64 (2015)
927–936.
- R. Issaoui, I. Ksentini, M. Kotti, L.B. Mansour, Effect of current
density and oil concentration on hydrodynamic aspects in
electroflotation column during oil/water emulsion treatment,
J. Water Chem. Technol., 39 (2017) 66–170.
- V.A. Kolesnikov, V.N. Kudryavtsev, Theoretical and Applied
Aspects of Using Electrofloatation Method for Wastewater
Treatment of Surface Finishing Industry, Mendeleyev University
of Chemical, Technology of Russia, Moscow, 2000, pp. 491–502.
- Z. Al-Qodah, M. Al-Shannag, Heavy metal ions removal
from wastewater using electrocoagulation processes: a
comprehensive review, Sep. Sci. Technol., 52 (2017) 2649–2676.
- M.Y. Ibrahim, S.R. Mostafa, M.F.M. Fahmy, A.I. Hafez,
Utilization of electroflotattion in remediation oily wastewater,
Sep. Sci. Technol., 36 (2001) 3749–3762.
- D.H. Kwak, M.S. Kim, Feasibility of carbon dioxide bubbles
as a collector in flotation process for water treatment, J. Water
Supply Res. Technol. AQUA, 62 (2013) 52–65.
- S.M. Safwat, A. Hamed, E. Rozaik, Electrocoagulation/
electroflotation of real printing wastewater using cupper
electrodes: a comparative study with aluminum electrodes,
Sep. Sci. Technol., 54 (2018) 1–13.
- S. Barişçi, O. Turkay, Domestic greywater treatment by
electrocoagulation using hybrid electrode combinations,
J. Water Process. Eng., 10 (2016) 56–66.
- X. Zhang, H. Lin, B. Hu, The effects of electrocoagulation on
phosphorus removal and particle settling capability in swine
manure, Sep. Sci. Technol., 200 (2018) 112–119.
- M. Kobya, E. Demirbas, Evaluations of operating parameters
on treatment of can manufacturing wastewater by
electrocoagulation, J. Water Process Eng., 8 (2015) 64–74.
- G. Chen, Electrochemical technologies in wastewater treatment,
Sep. Purif. Technol., 38 (2004) 11–41.
- A. Aouni, C. Fersi, M.B.S. Ali, M. Dhahbi, Treatment of textile
wastewater by a hybrid electrocoagulation/nanofiltration
process, J. Hazard. Mater., 168 (2009) 868–874.
- J.P. Kushwaha, V.C. Srivastava, I.D. Mall, Organics removal
from dairy wastewater by electrochemical treatment and
residue disposal, Sep. Purif. Technol., 76 (2010) 198–205.
- I.A. Şengil, M. Özacar, Treatment of dairy wastewaters by
electrocoagulation using mild steel electrodes, J. Hazard.
Mater., 137 (2006) 1197–1205.
- M. Kobya, H. Hiz, E. Senturk, C. Aydiner, E. Demirbas,
Treatment of potato chips manufacturing wastewater by
electrocoagulation, Desalination, 190 (2006) 201–211.
- D. Valero, J.M. Ortiz, V. García, E. Expósito, V. Montiel,
A. Aldaz, Electrocoagulation of wastewater from almond
industry, Chemosphere, 84 (2011) 1290–1295.
- U.T. Un, A.S. Koparal, U.B. Ogutveren, Electrocoagulation of
vegetable oil refinery wastewater using aluminum electrodes,
J. Environ. Manage., 90 (2009) 428–433.
- S. Chellam, N.P. Gamage, C.T. Tanneru, M.A. Sari, Aluminum
Electrocoagulation and Electroflotation Pretreatment for
Microfiltration: Fouling Reduction and Improvements in
Filtered Water Quality, U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau
Reclamation Technical Service Center Denver, Colorado, 2014,
pp. 1–125.
- K. Mansouri, K. Ibrik, N. Bensalah, W.A. Abdel, Anodic
dissolution of pure aluminum during electrocoagulation
process: influence of supporting electrolyte, initial pH, and
current density, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 50 (2011) 13362–13372.
- A. Nawel, D. Farid, M. Belkacem, P.L. Jean, M. Khodir,
Improvement of electrocoagulation – electroflotation treatment
of effluent by addition of Opuntia ficus indica pad juice, Sep.
Purif. Technol., 144 (2015) 168–176.
- B. Merzouk, B. Gourich, A. Sekki, K. Madani, M. Chibane,
Removal turbidity and separation of heavy metals using
electrocoagulation-electroflotation technique a case study,
J. Hazard. Mater., 164 (2009) 215–222.
- V. Kuokkanen, T. Kuokkanen, J. Rämö, U. Lassi, Recent
applications of electrocoagulation in treatment of water and
wastewater: a review, Green Sustainable Chem., 3 (2013) 89–121.
- M. Kobya, O.T. Can, M. Bayramoglu, Treatment of textile
wastewaters by electrocoagulation using iron and aluminum
electrodes, J. Hazard. Mater., 100 (2003) 163–178.
- H. Lyklema, Pair Interactions, In: Fundamentals of Interface
and Colloid Science, Vol. 4, Academic Press, Netherlands,
2005, pp. 3–190.
- J.T.G. Overbeek, Recent developments in the understanding of
colloid stability, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 58 (1977) 408–422.
- K. Brahmi, W. Bouguerra, B. Hamrouni, E. Elaloui, M. Loungou,
Z. Tlili, Investigation of electrocoagulation reactor design
parameters effect on the removal of Cadmium from synthetic
and phosphate industrial wastewater, Arabian J. Chem.,
12 (2019) 1848–1859.
- C. An, G. Huang, Y. Yao, S. Zhao, Emerging usage of
electrocoagulation technology for oil removal from wastewater:
a review, Sci. Total Environ., 579 (2016) 537–556.
- M.A.M. Altufaily, Z.A. Abedalaama, Enhancing turbidity
removal using electrocoagulation method, J. Eng. Appl. Sci.,
13 (2018) 97–104.
- M.K.N. Mahmad, R.R. Mohd, I. Abustan, N. Baharun,
Electrocoagulation process by using aluminium and stainless
steel electrodes to treat total chromium, colour and turbidity,
Procedia Chem., 19 (2016) 681–686.
- M.F. Ni’am, F. Othman, J. Sohaili, Z. Fauzia, Removal of
COD and turbidity to improve wastewater quality using
electrocoagulation technique, Malaysian J. Anal. Sci., 11 (2007)
198–205.
- A. Cerqueira, C. Russo, M.R.C. Marques, Electroflocculation
for textile wastewater treatment, Braz. J. Chem. Eng., 26 (2009)
659–668.
- N. Shammas, L. Wang, H. Hanh, Fundamentals of
Wastewater Flotation, L.K. Wang, N.K. Shammas, W.A. Selke,
D.B. Aulenbach, Eds., Handbook of Environmental Engineering
Flotation Technology, Vol. 12, Humana Press, New York,
NY, 2010, pp. 121–164.
- L.K. Wang, E.M. Fahey, Z. Wu, Dissolved Air Flotation,
Physicochemical Treatment Processes, The Humana Press Inc.,
Totowa, 2005, pp. 431–500.
- L.O. Paulista, P.H. Presumido, J.D.P. Theodoro, A.L.N. Pinheiro,
Efficiency analysis of the electrocoagulation and electroflotation
treatment of poultry slaughterhouse wastewater using
aluminum and graphite anodes, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res.,
25 (2018) 19790–19800.
- N.P. Tanatti, I.A. Şengil, A. Özdemir, Optimizing TOC and COD
removal for the biodiesel wastewater by electrocoagulation,
Appl. Water Sci., 8 (2018) 1–10.
- N.Z. Al-Mutairi, M.F. Hamoda, I. Al-Ghusain, Coagulant
selection and sludge conditioning in a slaughterhouse
wastewater treatment plant, Bioresour. Technol., 95 (2004)
115–119.
- M.S. Yusoff, A.M. Azwan, M.F.M.A. Zamri, H.A. Aziz,
Removal of colour, turbidity, oil and grease for slaughterhouse
wastewater using electrocoagulation method, AIP Conf. Proc.,
1892 (2017) 1–7, doi: 10.1063/1.5005692.
- E. Bazrafshan, H. Moein, M.F. Kord, S. Nakhaie, Application
of Electrocoagulation Process for Dairy Wastewater Treatment,
J. Chem., 2013 (2013) 1–8.
- F. Ozyonar, B. Karagozoglu, Investigation of technical and
economic analysis of electrocoagulation process for the
treatment of great and small cattle slaughterhouse wastewater,
Desal. Water Treat., 52 (2014) 74–87.