References
- United Nations (UN), Resolution Adopted by the General
Assembly on 28 July 2010, United Nations, 2010.
- A.C.C. Fortes, P.R.G. Barrocas, D.C. Kligerman, Water quality
surveillance and the role of information to ensure access, Saúde
Debate, 43 (2019) 20–34.
- UNICEF and WHO, Progress on Household Drinking
Water, Sanitation and Hygiene 2000–2017, Special Focus on
Inequalities, United Nations Children’s Fund and World Health
Organization, New York, 2019.
- J. Arboleda, Teoría y práctica de la purificación del agua,
Tercera Edición, Mc Graw Hill, Santa Fe de Bogotá, Colombia
2000, p. XXI.
- L.J. Silva, L.G. Lopes, L.A. Amaral, Qualidade da Água de
Abastecimento público do município de Jaboticabal, Eng. Sanit.
Ambient, 21 (2016) 615–622.
- D.T. Moussa, M.H. El-Naas, M. Nasser, M.J. Al-Marri,
A comprehensive review of electrocoagulation for water
treatment: potentials and challenges, J. Environ. Manage.,
186 (2017) 24–41.
- J.N. Hakizimana, B. Gourich, M. Chafi, Y. Stiriba, C. Vial,
P. Drogui, J. Naja, Electrocoagulation process in water
treatment: a review of electrocoagulation modeling approaches,
Desalination, 404 (2017) 1–21.
- J.M. Meneses, R.F. Vasconcelos, T.F. Fernandes, G.T. Araújo,
Tratamento do efluente do biodiesel utilizando a eletrocoagulação/
flotação: investigação dos parâmetros operacionais,
Quím. Nova, 2 (2012) 235–240.
- I.O. Mota, J.A. Castro, R.G. Casqueira, A.G. Oliveira Junior,
Study of electroflotation method for treatment of wastewater
from washing soil contaminated by heavy metals, J. Mater. Res.
Technol., 4 (2015) 103–113.
- I. Kabdașli, I. Arslan-Alaton, T. Ölmez-Hancı, O. Tünay,
Electrocoagulation applications for industrial wastewaters:
a critical review, Environ. Technol. Rev., 1 (2012) 2–45.
- M. Elazzouzi, Kh. Haboubi, M.S. Elyoubi, Electrocoagulation–flocculation as a low-cost process for pollutants removal from
urban wastewater, Chem. Eng. Res. Des., 117 (2017) 614–626.
- M. Behbahani, M.R.A. Moghaddam, M. Arami, Technoeconomical
evaluation of fluoride removal by electrocoagulation
process: optimization through response surface methodology,
Desalination, 271 (2011) 209–218.
- C. Jiménez, C. Sáez, C. Cañizares, M.A. Rodrigo, Optimization
of a combined electrocoagulation–electroflotation reactor,
Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 23 (2016) 9700–9711.
- J.P. Kushwaha, V.C. Srivastava, I.D. Mall, Organics removal
from dairy wastewater by electrochemical treatment and
residue disposal, Sep. Purif. Technol., 76 (2010) 198–205.
- G.J. Rincón, E.J.L. Motta, Simultaneous removal of oil and
grease, and heavy metals from artificial bilge water using
electro-coagulation/flotation, J. Environ. Manage., 144 (2014)
42–50.
- S. Liu, X. Ye, K. He, Y. Chen, Y. Hu, Simultaneous removal
of Ni(II) and fluoride from a real flue gas desulfurization
wastewater by electrocoagulation using Fe/C/Al electrode,
J. Water Reuse Desal., 7 (2016) 288–297.
- V. Khandegar, A.K. Saroha, Electrocoagulation for the treatment
of textile industry effluent–a review, J. Environ. Manage.,
128 (2013) 949–963.
- S. Adamovic, M. Prica, B. Dalmacija, S. Rapajic, D. Novakovic,
Z. Pavlovic, S. Maletic, Feasibility of electrocoagulation/
flotation treatment of waste offset printing developer based
on the response surface analysis, Arabian J. Chem., 9 (2016)
152–162.
- M. Vepsäläinen, Electrocoagulation in the Treatment of
Industrial Waters and Wastewaters, Thesis (Doctor of Science)
– Lappeenranta University of Technology, Finland, 2012,
p. 154.
- M.M. Emamjomeh, M. Sivakumar, A.S. Varyani, Analysis
and the understanding of fluoride removal mechanisms by
an electrocoagulation/flotation (ECF) process, Desalination,
275 (2011) 102–106.
- F. Ozyonar, Treatment of train industry oily wastewater by
electrocoagulation with hybrid electrode pairs and different
electrode connection modes, Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 11 (2016)
1456–1471.
- G.Z. Kyzas, K.A. Matis, Electroflotation process: a review,
J. Mol. Liq., 220 (2016) 657–664.
- S. Bayar, Y.S. Yildiz, A.E. Yilmaz, S. Irdemez, The effect of
stirring speed and current density on removal efficiency of
poultry slaughterhouse wastewater by electrocoagulation
method, Desalination, 280 (2011) 103–107.
- M. Dolati, A.A. Aghapour, H. Khorsandi, S. Karimzade, Boron
removal from aqueous solutions by electrocoagulation at low
concentrations, J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 5 (2017) 5150–5156.
- K.S. Hashim, A. Shaw, R.A. Khaddar, M.O. Pedrola, D. Phipps,
Iron removal, energy consumption and operating cost of
electrocoagulation of drinking water using a new flow column
reactor, J. Environ. Manage., 189 (2017a) 98–108.
- K.S. Hashim, A. Shaw, R.A. Khaddar, M.O. Pedrola, D. Phipps,
Defluoridation of drinking water using a new flow column
electrocoagulation reactor (FCER) – experimental, statistical,
and economic approach, J. Environ. Manage., 197 (2017b) 80–88.
- D. Das, B.K. Nandi, Defluoridization of drinking water by
electrocoagulation (EC): process optimization and kinetic study,
J. Dispersion Sci. Technol., 40 (2019) 1136–1146.
- Q. Zuo, X. Chen, W. Li, G. Chen, Combined electrocoagulation
and electroflotation for removal of fluoride from drinking
water, J. Hazard. Mater., 159 (2008) 452–457.
- A. Betancor-Abreu, V.F. Mena, S. González, S. Delgado,
R.M. Souto, J.J. Santana, Design and optimization of an electrocoagulation
reactor for fluoride remediation in underground
water sources for human consumption, J. Water Process Eng.,
31 (2019) 100865.
- A.H. Essadki, B. Gourich, C. Vial, H. Delmas, M. Bennajah,
Defluoridation of drinking water by electrocoagulation/
electroflotation in a stirred tank reactor with a comparative
performance to an external-loop airlift reactor, J. Hazard.
Mater., 168 (2009) 1325–1333.
- M. Kobya, E. Demirbas, F. Ulu, Evaluation of operating
parameters with respect to charge loading on the removal
efficiency of arsenic from potable water by electrocoagulation,
J. Hazard. Mater., 4 (2016) 1484–1494.
- C. Ucar, M.B. Baskan, A. Pala, Arsenic removal from drinking
water by electrocoagulation using iron electrodes, Korean J.
Chem. Eng., 30 (2013) 1889–1895.
- C.C. Mólgora, Removal of arsenic from drinking water: a
comparative study between electrocoagulation-microfiltration
and chemical coagulation-microfiltration processes, Sep. Purif.
Technol., 118 (2013) 645–651.
- M. Kobya, E. Demirbas, U. Gebologlu, M.S. Oncel, Y. Yildirim,
Optimization of arsenic removal from drinking water by
electrocoagulation batch process using response surface
methodology, Desal. Water Treat., 51 (2013) 6676–6687.
- A.K. Golder, A.N. Samanta, S. Ray, Removal of Cr3+ by
electrocoagulation with multiple electrodes: bipolar and
monopolar configurations, J. Hazard. Mater., 141 (2007)
653–661.
- P.E. Wiley, J.D. Trent, Clarification of algae-laden water using
electrochemical processes, Water Sci. Technol. Water Supply,
16 (2016) 314–323.
- S. Gao, J. Yang, J. Tian, F. Ma, G. Tu, M. Du, Electro-coagulation–flotation process for algae removal, J. Hazard. Mater., 177 (2010)
336–343.
- M. Malakootian, H.J. Mansoorian, M. Moosazadeh,
Performance evaluation of electrocoagulation process using
iron-rod electrodes for removing hardness from drinking water,
Desalination, 255 (2010) 67–71.
- E. Bazrafshan, H. Moein, F.K. Mostafapour, S. Nakhaie,
Application of electrocoagulation process for dairy wastewater
treatment, J. Chem., 2013 (2013) 1–8.
- A.P.N. Módenes, F.R. Espinoza-Quiñones, P.H. Yassue,
T.M. Porto, P.S. Theodoro, Aplicação da técnica de
eletrocoagulação no tratamento de efluentes de abatedouro de
aves, Eng. Sanit. Ambient, 22 (2017) 571–578.
- E. Mohora, S. Roncevic, B. Dalmacija, J. Agbaba, M. Watson,
E. Karlovic, M. Dalmacija, Removal of natural organic matter
and arsenic from water by electrocoagulation/flotation
continuous flow reactor, J. Hazard. Mater., 235–236 (2012)
257–264.
- B. Palahouane, N. Drouiche, S. Aoudj, K. Bensadok, Costeffective
electrocoagulation process for the remediation of
fluoride from pretreated photovoltaic wastewater, J. Ind. Eng.
Chem., 22 (2015) 127–131.
- A.A. Cerqueira, P.S.A. Souza, M.R.C. Marques, Effects of
direct and alternating current on the treatment of oily water
in an electroflocculation process, Braz. J. Chem. Eng., 31 (2014)
693–701.
- F. Bouhezila, M. Hariti, H. Lounici, N. Mameri, Treatment of
the OUED SMAR town landfill leachate by an electrochemical
reactor, Desalination, 280 (2011) 347–353.
- APHA–AWWA-WEF, Standard Methods for the Examination
of Water and Wastewater: Method 2540 D, 22nd ed., American
Public Health Association–American Water Works Association–
Water Environment Federation, Washington, DC, USA, 2012.
- A.A.R. Silva, C.A.P. Camara, I. Lobo, I.S. Scarmínio, J.C. Alves,
Otimização dos parâmetros operacionais de eletrocoagulação
aplicada à recuperação de efluentes de lavagem de veículos,
Eng. Sanit. Ambient, 22 (2017) 179–186.
- M.I. Rodrigues, A.F. Iemma, Experimental Design and Process
Optimization, 1st ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton, United States of
America, 2014.
- G.H. Bracher, E. Carissimi, D.B. Wolff, C. Graepin, A.P. Hubner,
Optimization of an electrocoagulation-flotation system for
domestic wastewater treatment and reuse, Environ. Technol.,
0 (2020) 1–11.
- S. Jose, L. Mishra, S. Debnath, S. Pal, P.K. Munda, G. Basu,
Improvement of water quality of remnant from chemical retting
of coconut fibre through electrocoagulation and activated
carbon treatment, J. Cleaner Prod., 210 (2019) 630–637.
- C. Jiménez, C. Sáez, F. Martínez, P. Cañizares, M.A. Rodrigo,
Electrochemical dosing of iron and aluminum in continuous
processes: a key step to explain electro-coagulation processes,
Sep. Purif. Technol., 98 (2012) 102–108.
- C. Barrera-Díaz, L.A. Bernal-Martínez, R. Natividad, J.M. Peralta-Hernández, Synergy of electrochemical/O3 process with
aluminum electrodes in industrial wastewater treatment, Ind.
Eng. Chem. Res., 51 (2012) 9335–9342.
- S.L.G. Santiago, S.P. Castrejón, A.M. Domínguez, A.M. Brito,
I.E.V. Mendoza, Current density as a master variable in
designing reactors, Procedia Chem., 12 (2014) 66–72.
- N.S. Kumar, S. Goel, Factors influencing arsenic and
nitrate removal from drinking water in a continuous flow
electrocoagulation (EC) process, J. Hazard. Mater., 173 (2010)
528–533.
- J.M. Babu, S. Goel, Defluoridation of drinking water in batch
and continuous-flow electrocoagulation systems, Pollut. Res.,
32 (2013) 727–736.
- W. Wan, T.J. Pepping, T. Banerji, S. Chaudhari, D.E. Giammar,
Effects of water chemistry on arsenic removal from drinking
water by electrocoagulation, Water Res., 45 (2011) 384–392.
- E. Mohora, S. Roncevic, J. Agbaba, A. Tubic, M. Mitic,
M. Klašnja, B. Dalmacija, Removal of arsenic from groundwater
rich in natural organic matter (NOM) by continuous
electrocoagulation/flocculation (ECF), Sep. Purif. Technol.,
136 (2014) 150–156.
- M.A. Sandoval, R. Fuentes, J.L. Nava, I. Rodríguez, Fluoride
removal from drinking water by electrocoagulation in a
continuous filter press reactor coupled to a flocculator and
clarifier, Sep. Purif. Technol., 134 (2014) 163–170.
- S.T. McBeath, M. Mohseni, D.P. Wilkinson, Pilot-scale iron
electrocoagulation treatment for natural organic matter
removal, Environ. Technol., 39 (2018) 1926–1936.
- M. Hernández-Ortega, T. Ponziak, C. Barrera-Díaz,
M.A. Rodrigo, G. Roa-Morales, B. Bilyeu, Use of a combined
electrocoagulation-ozone process as a pre-treatment for
industrial wastewater, Desalination, 250 (2010) 144–149.
- C.A. Richter, Água: métodos e tecnologia de tratamento, Editora
Edgard Blucher Ltd., São Paulo, Brazil, 2012.
- S. Barișçi, O. Turkay, Domestic greywater treatment by
electrocoagulation using hybrid electrode combinations,
J. Water Process Eng., 10 (2016) 56–66.
- M. Nasrullah, M.N.I. Siddique, A.W. Zularisam, Effect of
high current density in electrocoagulation process for sewage
treatment, Asian J. Chem., 26 (2014) 4281–4285.
- G. Mouedhen, M. Feki, M.P. Wery, H.F. Ayedi, Behavior of
aluminum electrodes in electrocoagulation process, J. Hazard.
Mater., 150 (2008) 124–135.
- W. Chou, Removal and adsorption characteristics of polyvinyl
alcohol from aqueous solutions using electrocoagulation,
J. Hazard. Mater., 177 (2010) 842–850.
- N. Drouiche, S. Aoudj, M. Hecini, N. Ghaffour, H. Lounici,
N. Mameri, Study on the treatment of photovoltaic wastewater
using electrocoagulation: fluoride removal with aluminium
electrodes-characteristics of products, J. Hazard. Mater.,
169 (2009) 65–69.