References

1. L.K. Loh, Comparative Performance of Wastewater Treatment Plants in Three Rubber Glove Manufacturing Plants, University of Malaya, 2001.
2. C.B.C. Peter, C. Bidal, Rubber Mill Wastewater Treatment Using Sequence Batch Reactor in Aerobic Condition, Univerisiti Teknologi Petronas, 2010.
3. Z. Isa, Environment and the Latex-Based Industry, in: Seminar A Decade Development and the Way Ahead, 2001.
4. V. Thonglimp, G. Srisuwan, P. Jkaew, Treatment of Industrial Latex Wastewater by Activated Sludge System, PSU-UNS International Conference on Engineering and Environment - ICEE-2005, Serbia & Montenegro, 2005, pp. 1–7.
5. N.H. Rosman, A. Nor Anuar, I. Othman, H. Harun, M.Z. Sulong Abdul Razak, S.H. Elias, M.A.H. Mat Hassan, S. Chelliapan, Z. Ujang, Cultivation of aerobic granular sludge for rubber wastewater treatment, Bioresour. Technol., 129 (2013) 620–623.
6. A.A. Sajjad, Y.H. Teow, A.W.M. Hussain, Sustainable approach of recycling palm oil mill effluent (POME) using integrated biofilm/membrane filtration system for internal plant usage, J. Teknologi, 80 (2018) 165–172.
7. K. Singh, N. Singh, J. Bhatia, A.A. Kazmi, A pilot-scale study on PVA gel beads based integrated fixed film activated sludge (IFAS) plant for municipal wastewater treatment, Water Sci. Technol., 73 (2016) 113–123.
8. A. Barwal, R. Chaudhary, To study the performance of biocarriers in moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) technology and kinetics of biofilm for retrofitting the existing aerobic treatment systems: a review, Rev. Environ. Sci. Bio/Tech., 13 (2014) 285–299.
9. V.D. Khang, N.T. Phong, Research on wastewater treatment by expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) carrier, Biol. Sci. Eng., 3 (2012) 66–70.
10. C.A. Papadimitriou, J.D. Rouse, H.K. Karapanagioti, Treatment efficiency and biomass characteristics in conventional activated sludge and suspended PVA-gel biocarrier systems treating phenol-containing wastewater, Global Nest J., 20 (2018) 42–48.
11. N. Ismail, F. Suja’, Effect of hydraulic retention times on the performance of a partially packed upflow anaerobic fixed film system in the treatment of synthetic rubber processing wastewater, Int. J. Recent Technol. Eng., 8 (2019) 43–49.
12. S. Waqas, M.R. Bilad, Z. Man, Y. Wibisono, J. Jaafar, T.M.I. Mahlia, A.L. Khan, M. Aslam, Recent progress in integrated fixed-film activated sludge process for wastewater treatment: a review, J. Environ. Manage., 268 (2020) 110718, doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110718.
13. M. Zhang, Y. Peng, C. Wang, C. Wang, W. Zhao, W. Zeng, Optimization denitrifying phosphorus removal at different hydraulic retention times in a novel anaerobic anoxic oxicbiological contact oxidation process, Biochem. Eng. J., 106 (2016) 26–36.
14. M.A. Musa, S. Idrus, Effect of hydraulic retention time on the treatment of real cattle slaughterhouse wastewater and biogas production from HUASB reactor, Water, 12 (2020) 490, doi: 10.3390/w12020490.
15. A. Majid, M. Mahna, Application of lab-scale MBBR to treat industrial wastewater using K3 carriers: effects of HRT, high COD influent, and temperature, Int. J. Environ. Sci. Nat. Resour., 20 (2019) 35–42.
16. N.F.A. Shafie, U.Q.A. Mansor, A. Yahya, A.M. Som, A.H. Nour, Z. Hassan, R.M.A.R.M. Yunus, The Performance Study of Ultrasonic-Assisted Membrane Anaerobic System (UMAS) for Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) Removal Efficiency and Methane Gas Production in Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Treatment, Environ. Sci., 4th IET Clean Energy and Technology Conference (CEAT 2016), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 2016, pp. 1–5.
17. M. Levstek, I. Plazl, J.D. Rouse, Estimation of the specific surface area for a porous carrier, Acta Chim. Slov., 57 (2010) 45–51.
18. K.M. Gani, J. Singh, N.K. Singh, M. Ali, V. Rose, A.A. Kazmi, Nitrogen and carbon removal efficiency of a polyvinyl alcohol gel based moving bed biofilm reactor system, Water Sci. Technol., 73 (2016) 1511–1519.
19. K.C. Chen, S.C. Lee, C.S. Chin, J.Y. Houng, Simultaneous carbon-nitrogen removal in wastewater using phosphorylated PVA-immobilized microorganisms, Enzyme Microb. Technol., 23 (1998) 311–320.
20. N.K. Singh, M. Yadav, R.P. Singh, A.A. Kazmi, Efficacy analysis of a field scale IFAS reactor under different aeration strategies applied at high aeration rates: a statistical comparative analysis for practical feasibility,
    J. Water Process Eng., 27 (2019) 185–192.
21. C. Li, M. Ji, X. Li, M. Wang, Municipal wastewater treatment in a new type bio-carrier reactor, Procedia Environ. Sci., 10 (2011) 962–967.
22. J. Gu, G. Xu, Y. Liu, An integrated AMBBR and IFAS-SBR process for municipal wastewater treatment towards enhanced energy recovery, reduced energy consumption and sludge production, Water Res., 110 (2017) 262–269.
23. A. Zafarzadeh, B. Bina, M. Nikaeen, A.H. Movahedian, N.M. Hajian, Performance of moving bed biofilm reactors for biological nitrogen compounds removal from wastewater by partial nitrification-denitrification process, Iran. J. Environ. Health. Sci. Eng., 7 (2010) 353–364.
24. S. Sfaelou, H.K. Karapanagioti, J. Vakros, Studying the formation of biofilms on supports with different polarity and their efficiency to treat wastewater, J. Chem., 2015 (2015) 734384, doi: 10.1155/2015/734384.
25. T.V. Quang, P.T.K. Thủy, Research on evaluating organic loading rate of PVA-Gel biocarrier on seafood processing wastewater treatment, UD-JST, 3 (2018) 54–58.
26. K. Calderón, J. Martín-Pascual, J. Manuel Poyatos, B. Rodelas, A. González-Martínez, J. González-López, Comparative analysis of the bacterial diversity in a lab-scale moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) applied to treat urban wastewater under different operational conditions, Bioresour. Technol., 121 (2012) 119–126.
27. M. Delnavaz, H. Ganjidoust, B. Ayati, Treatment of wastewater containing aniline using a moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR), J. Water Wastewater Ab va Fazilab, 19 (2009) 9–18 (in Persian).
28. T. Sriwiriyarat, C.W. Randall, Performance of IFAS wastewater treatment processes for biological phosphorus removal, Water Res., 39 (2005) 3873–3884.