References

1. I. Di Bartolo, E. Pavoni, S. Tofani, M. Consoli, E. Galuppini, M.N. Losio, F.M. Ruggeri, G. Varisco, Waterborne norovirus outbreaks during a summer excursion in Northern Italy, New. Microbiol., 38 (2015) 109–112.
2. K. Wazny, A. Zipursky, R. Black, V. Curtis, C. Duggan, R. Guerrant, M. Levine, W.A. Petri, M. Jr. Santosham, R. Scharf, P.M. Sherman, E. Simpson, M. Young, Z.A. Bhutta, Setting research priorities to reduce mortality and morbidity of childhood diarrheal disease in the next 15 years, PLoS. Med., 10 (2013) e1001446.
3. A.J. Butler, M.K. Thomas, K.D. Pintar, Expert elicitation as a means to attribute 28 enteric pathogens to foodborne, waterborne, animal contact, and person-to-person-transmission routes in Canada, Foodborne. Pathog. Dis., 12 (2015) 335–344.
4. L. Lu, R. Jia, H. Zhong, M. Xu, L. Su, L. Cao, Z. Dong, N. Dong, J. Xu, Molecular characterization and multiple infections of rotavirus, norovirus, sapovirus, astrovirus and adenovirus in outpatients with sporadic gastroenteritis in Shanghai, China, 2010–2011, Arch. Virol., (2015) 1229–1238.
5. K. Sdiri-Loulizi, H. Gharbi-Khelifi, A. de Rougemont, M. Hassine, S. Chouchane, N. Sakly, P. Pothier, M.N. Guédiche, M. Aouni, K. Ambert-Balay, Molecular epidemiology of human astrovirus and adenovirus serotypes 40/41 strains related to acute diarrhoea in Tunisian children, J. Med. Virol., 81 (2009) 1895–1902.
6. M. Victoria, L.F. Tort, M. García, A. Lizasoain, L. Maya, J.P. Leite, M.P. Miagostovich, J. Cristina, R. Colina, Assessment of gastroenteric viruses from wastewater directly discharged into Uruguayan River, Uruguay, Food Environ. Virol., 6 (2014) 116–124.
7. F. Sezen, E. Aval, T. Ağkurt, Ş. Yilmaz, F. Temel, R. Güleşen, G. Korukluoğlu, M.B. Sucakli, M.A. Torunoğlu, B.P. Zhu, A large multi-pathogen gastroenteritis outbreak caused by drinking contaminated water from antique neighbourhood fountains, Erzurum City, Turkey, December 2012, Epidemiol. Infect., 143 (2015) 704–710.
8. E. Meleg, F. Jakab, B. Kocsis, K. Bácnyai, B. Melegh, G. Szcs, Human astroviruses in raw sewage samples in Hungary, J. Appl. Microbiol., 101 (2006) 1123–1129.
9. E. Mendez, C.F. Arias, Astroviruses, D.M. Knipe, P.M. Howely, Fields Virology, 5th ed., Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, 2007, pp. 981–1000.
10. S. De Grazia, M.A. Platia, V. Rotolo, C. Colomba, V. Martella, G.M. Giammanco, Surveillance of human astrovirus circulation in Italy 2002–2005: emergence of lineage 2c strains, Clin. Microbiol. Infect., 17 (2011) 97–101.
11. M.H. Afrad, P.C. Karmakar, S.K. Das, J. Matthijnssens, F. Ahmed, S. Nahar, A.S. Farugue, M. Rahman, T. Azir, Epidemiology and genetic diversity of human astrovirus infection among hospitalized patients with acute diarrhoea in Bangladesh from 2010 to 2012, J. Clin. Virol., 58 (2013) 612–618.
12. A. Lizasoain, L.F. Tort, M. García, M.M. Gómez, J. Cristina, J.P. Leite, M.P. Miagostovich, M. Victoria, R. Colina, Environmental Assessment of Classical Human Astrovirus in Uruguay, Food. Environ. Virol., 7 (2015) 142–148.
13. I. Fodha, A. Chouikha, J. Dewar, A. Trabelsi, N. Boujaafar, A.D. Steele, Prevalence of adenovirus antigens in children presenting with acute diarrhoea, Med. Trop., 67 (2006) 256–258.
14. D.E. Elamri, M. Aouni, S. Parnaudeau, F.S. Le Guyader, Detection of human enteric viruses in shellfish collected in Tunisia, Lett. Appl. Microbiol., 43 (2006) 399–404.
15. K. Sdiri-Loulizi, M. Hassine, Z. Aouni, H. Gharbi-Khelifi, S. Chouchane, N. Sakly, M.N. Guédiche, P. Pothier, M. Aouni, K. Ambert-Balay, Detection and molecular characterization of enteric viruses in environmental samples in Monastir, Tunisia between January 2003 and April 2007, J. Appl. Microbiol., (2010) 1093–1104.
16. A. Hassen, N. Jedidi, H. Kallali, M. Ferchichi, A. Ghrabi, F. Chebbi, N. Saidi, H. Shayeb, M. Ennabli, Élimination des indicateurs et des métaux lourds au cours de traitement des eaux usées domestiques dans une station pilote semiindustrielle, Sci. Techn. de l’eau., 27 (1994) 34–41.
17. C. Ibrahim, N. Chérif, S. Hammami, P. Pothier, A. Hassen, Quantification and molecular characterization of Norovirus after two wastewater treatment procedures, Water Air Soil Pollut., 226 (2015) 187–200.
18. C. Ibrahim, N. Chérif, S. Hammami, P. Pothier, A. Hassen, Quantification and genotyping of Rotavirus A within two wastewater treatment processes, J. Clean Soil. Air. Water, 44 (2016) 393–401.
19. Environmental Protection Agency, Standards for the Disposal of Sewage Sludge, In Federal Register Part, 503, 1992, pp. 9387–9404.
20. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Regulations and Technology, Control of Pathogens and Vector Attraction in Sewage Sludge, Including Domestic Septage, Under 40 CFR, Part, 503, 2003, pp. 625–692.
21. G.D. Lewis, T.G. Melcaft, Polyethylene glycol precipitation for recovery of pathogenic viruses, including hepatitis A virus and Human Rotavirus, from oyster, water and sediment samples, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 54 (1988)1983–1988.
22. J.S. Noel, T.W. Lee, J.B. Kurtz, R.I. Glass, S.S. Monroe, Typing of Human astroviruses from clinical isolates by enzyme immunoassay and nucleotide sequencing, J. Clin. Microbiol., 33 (1995) 797–801.
23. J. Rodier, L’analyse de l’eau, Eaux naturelles, eaux résiduaires, eaux de mer, 6th Édn Dunod Paris ISBN: 2100496360, 1978, pp. 1383.
24. S. Kumar, K. Tamura, M. Nei, MEGA: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics analyses software for microcomputers, Comput. Appl. Biosci., 10 (1994) 189–191.
25. J. Felsenstein, PHYLIP (Phylogeny Inference Package) Version 3.5.c. Department of Genetics, University of Washington, 1993. Available at:http://www.Caos.kun.nl/cammsa/PHYLIP.
26. R.D.M. Page, TREEVIEW: An application to display phylogenetic trees on personal computers, Comput. Appl. Biosci., 12 (1996) 357–358.
27. V.P. Prabhasankar, D.I. Joshua, K. Balakrishna, I.F. Siddiqui, Removal rates of antibiotics in four sewage treatment plants in South India, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int., 23 (2016) 8679–8685.
28. S. Nadan, J.E. Walter, W.O. Grabow, D.K. Mitchell, M.B. Taylor, Molecular characterization of astroviruses by reverse transcriptase PCR and sequence analysis: comparison of clinical and environmental isolates from South Africa, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 69 (2003) 747–753.
29. D. Pusch, D.Y. Oh, S. Wolf, R. Dumke, U. Schröter-Bobsin, M. Höhne, I. Röske, E. Schreier, Detection of enteric viruses and bacterial indicators in German environmental waters, Arch. Virol., 150 (2005) 929–947.
30. W. Morsy El-Senousy, S. Guix, I. Abid, Pintó, A. Bosch, Removal of astrovirus from water and sewage treatment plants, evaluated by a competitive reverse transcription-PCR, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 73 (2007) 164–167.
31. P. Anastasi, E. Bonanni, G. Cecchini, M. Divizia, D. Donia, F. Di Gianfilippo, R. Gabrieli, A.R. Petrinca, A. Zanobini, Virus removal in conventional wastewater treatment process, Iq. Sanita. Pubbl. 64 (2008) 313–330.
32. T.G. Aw, K.Y. Gin, Environmental surveillance and molecular characterization of human enteric viruses in tropical urban wastewater, J. Appl. Microbiol., 109 (2010) 716–730.
33. X.Q. He, L. Cheng, D.Y. Zhang, X.M. Xie, D.H. Wang, Z. Wang, One-year monthly survey of rotavirus, astrovirus and norovirus in three sewage treatment plants (STPs) in Beijing, China and associated health risk assessment, Water. Sci. Technol., 64 (2011) 1202–1210.
34. T.M. Fumian, C.B. Vieira, J.P. Leite, M.P. Miagostovich, Assessment of the burden of virus agents in an urban sewage treatment plant in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, J. Water. Health., 11 (2013) 110–119.
35. A. Hata, H. Katayama, M. Kitajima, H. Furumai, Wastewater analysis indicates that genetically diverse Astroviruses, including strains belonging to novel clades MLB and VA, are circulating within Japanese populations, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 81 (2015) 4932–4939.
36. D. Roy, R.S. Engelbrecht, P.K.Y. Wong, E.S. Chian, Inactivation of enteroviruses by ozone, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 41 (1981) 718–723.
37. C.P. Gerba, Applied and theoretical aspects of virus adsorption to surfaces, Advances. Appl. Microbiol., 30 (1984) 133–168.
38. C.P. Gerba, Risk Assessment, R.N. Maier, I.L. Pepper, C.P. Gerba, Environmental Microbiology, 2 ed., Burlington, Academic Press/Elsevier, 2008, pp. 598.
39. F.R. Guimarães, F.F. Ferreira, C.B. Vieira, Fumian, T. Shubo, J.P. Leite, M.P. Miagostovich, Molecular detection of human astrovirus in an urban sewage treatment plant in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Mem. Inst. Oswaldo. Cruz., 103 (2008) 819–823.
40. S. Guix, S. Cabellero, C. Villena, R. Bartolomé, C. Latorre, N. Rabella, M. Simó, A. Bosch, R.M. Pintó, Molecular epidemiology of Astrovirus infection in Barcelona, Spain, J. Clin. Microbiol., 40 (2002) 133–139.
41. T.A. Nguyen, L. Hoang, D. Pham le, K.T. Hoang, M. Mizuguchi, S. Okitsu, H. Ushijima, Identification of human astrovirus infections among children with acute gastroenteritis in the Southern Part of Vietnam during 2005–2006, J. Med. Virol., 80 (2008) 298–305.
42. M.M. Alam, A. Khurshid, M.S. Rana, S. Shaukat, S. Sharif, M. Angez, M. Naeem, S.S. Zaidi, Serotype diversity of astroviruses in Rawalpindi, Pakistan during 2009–2010, PLoS. One., 8 (2013) E61667.
43. J.E. Walter, J. Briggs, M.L. Guerrero, D.O. Matson, L.K. Pickering, G. Ruiz-Palacios, T. Berke, D.K. Mitchell, Molecular characterization of a novel recombinant strain of human astrovirus associated with gastroenteritis in children, Arch. Virol., 146 (2001) 2357–2367.
44. T.W. Lee, J.B. Kurtz, Prevalence of human astrovirus serotypes in the Oxford region 1976–92, with evidence for two new serotypes, Epidemiol. Infect., 112 (1994) 187–193.
45. Y.B. Gabbay, A.C. Linhares, E.L. Cavalcante-Pepino, L.S. Nakamura, D.S. Oliveira, L.D. da Silva, J.D. Mascarenhas, C.S. Oliveira, T.A. Monteiro, J.P. Leite Prevalence of human astrovirus genotype associated with acute gastroenteritis among children in Belem, Brazil, J. Med. Virol., 79 (2007) 530–538.
46. M.S.R. Ferreira, M.T.P. Xavier, A.C.C. Tinga, T.L. Rose, T.M. Fumian, A.M. Fialho, R.M. Assis, F.A. Carvalho- Costa, S.A. Oliveira, J.P.G. Leite, M.P. Miagostovich, Assessment of gastroenteric viruses frequency in a children’s day-care centre in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: a fifteen-year study (1994–2008), PloS. One., 7 (2012) e33754.
47. A.T. Podkolzin, T.A. Konovalova, M.L. Lakovenko, S.I. Braslavskaia, G.A. Shipulin, Astroviral infection in Russian Federation, Vopr. Viru. Sol., 58 (2013) 32–37.
48. V.J. Harwood, A.D. Levine, T.M. Scott, V. Chivukula, J. Lukasik, S.R. Farrah, J.B. Rose, Validity of the indicator organism paradigm for pathogen reduction in reclaimed water and public health protection, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 71 (2005) 3163–3170.