References

  1. L.A. Chai, X.B. Min, N. Tang, Y.Y. Wang, Mechanism and kinetics of Zn(II) removal from wastewater by immobilised beads of SRB sludge, Int. J. Environ. Pollut., 37 (2009) 20–33.
  2. L.Y. Chai, Y.N. Chen, Z.H. Yang, Kinetics and thermodynamics of arsenate and arsenite biosorption by pretreated spent grains, Water Environ. Res., 81 (2009) 843–848.
  3. J. Yang, L.Y. Chai, Y.Y. Wang, X.W. He, Transportation and distribution of chromium in the anaerobic sludge treating the chromium-containing wastewater, Int. J. Environ. Pollut., 38 (2009) 256–266.
  4. L.Y. Chai, Q.W. Wang, Q.Z. Li, Z.H. Yang, Y.Y. Wang, Enhanced removal of Hg(II) from acidic aqueous solution using thiolfunctionalized biomass, Water Sci. Technol., 62 (2010) 2157–2166.
  5. G. Chen, K.J. Shah, L. Shi, P.-C. Chiang, Removal of Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions from aqueous solutions by synthetic mineral adsorbent: performance and mechanisms, Appl. Surf. Sci., 409 (2017) 296–305.
  6. A. Garcia-Sanchez, A. Alastuey, X. Querol, Heavy metal adsorption by different minerals: application to the remediation of polluted soils, Sci. Total. Environ., 242 (1999) 179–188.
  7. Q.Z. Li, L.Y. Chai, Z.H. Yang, Q.W. Wang, Y.Y. Wang, A comparative study of Ag(I) adsorption on raw and modified spent grain: kinetic and thermodynamic aspects, Water Environ. Res., 82 (2010) 2290–2296.
  8. Y.Y. Wang, B. Peng, Z.H. Yang, C.J. Tang, Y.H. Chen, Q. Liao, Y.P. Liao, Treatment of Cr(VI) contaminated water with Pannonibacter phragmitetus BB, Environ. Earth Sci., 71 (2014) 4333–4339.
  9. T. Wang, L.Y. Zhang, C.F. Li, W.C. Yang, T.T. Song, C.J. Tang, Y. Meng, S. Dai, H.Y. Wang, L.Y. Chai, J. Luo, Synthesis of coreshell magnetic Fe3O4@poly(m-phenylenediamine) particles for chromium reduction and adsorption, Environ. Sci. Technol., 49 (2015) 5654–5662.
  10. H. Sis, T. Uysal, Removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous medium using Kuluncak (Malatya) vermiculites and effect of precipitation on removal, Appl. Clay Sci., 95 (2014) 1–8.
  11. M. Mhamdi, E. Elaloui, M. Trabelsi-Ayadi, Adsorption of zinc by a Tunisian smectite through a filtration membrane, Ind. Crop. Prod., 47 (2013) 204–211.
  12. M.D. Victor-Ortega, J.M. Ochando-Pulido, G. Hodaifa, A. Martinez-Ferez, Ion exchange as an efficient pretreatment system for reduction of membrane fouling in the purification of model OMW, Desalination, 343 (2014) 198–207.
  13. J. Teng, X. Zeng, X. Xu, J.G. Yu, Assembly of a novel porous 3D graphene oxide-starch architecture by a facile hydrothermal method and its adsorption properties toward metal ions. Mater. Lett., 214 (2018) 31–33.
  14. A. Demirbas, Heavy metal adsorption onto agro-based waste materials: a review, J. Hazard. Mater., 157 (2008) 220–229.
  15. M. Naushad, T. Ahamad, B.M. Al-Maswari, A. Abdullah Alqadami, S.M. Alshehri, Nickel ferrite bearing nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon as efficient adsorbent for the removal of highly toxic metal ion from aqueous medium, Chem. Eng. J., 330 (2017) 1351–1360.
  16. G. Sharma, M. Naushad, A.H. Al-Muhtaseb, A. Kumar, M.R. Khan, S. Kalia, Shweta, M. Bala, A. Sharma, Fabrication and characterization of chitosan-crosslinked-poly(alginic acid) nanohydrogel for adsorptive removal of Cr(VI) metal ion from aqueous medium, Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 95 (2017) 484–493.
  17. M. Naushad, T. Ahamad, G. Sharma, A.H. Al-Muhtaseb, A.B. Albadarin, M.M. Alam, Z.A. Alothman, S.M. Alshehri, A.A. Ghfar, Synthesis and characterization of a new starch/SnO2 nanocomposite for efficient adsorption of toxic Hg2+ metal ion, Chem. Eng. J., 300 (2016) 306–316.
  18. A.A. Alqadami, M. Naushad, M.A. Abdalla, T. Ahamad, Z.A. Alothman, S.M. Alshehri, Synthesis and characterization of Fe3O4@TSC nanocomposite: highly efficient removal of toxic metal ions from aqueous medium, RSC Adv., 6 (2016) 22679–22689.
  19. M. Naushad, Z.A. Alothman, M.R. Awual, M.M. Alam, G.E. Eldesoky, Adsorption kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamic studies for the adsorption of Pb2+ and Hg2+ metal ions from aqueous medium using Ti(IV) iodovanadate cation exchanger, Ionics, 21 (2015) 2237–2245.
  20. C.F. Carolin, P.S. Kumar, A. Saravanan, G.J. Joshiba, M. Naushad, Efficient techniques for the removal of toxic heavy metals from aquatic environment: a review, J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 5 (2017) 2782–2799.
  21. A. Mittal, M. Naushad, G. Sharma, Z.A. Alothman, S.M. Wabaidur, M. Alam, Fabrication of MWCNTs/ThO2 nanocomposite and its adsorption behavior for the removal of Pb(II) metal from aqueous medium, Desal. Wat. Treat., 57 (2016) 21863–21869.
  22. R. Bushra, M. Naushad, G. Sharma, A. Azam, Z.A. Alothman, Synthesis of polyaniline based composite material and its analytical applications for the removal of highly toxic Hg2+ metal ion: antibacterial activity against E. coli, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 34 (2017) 1970–1979.
  23. A. Gladysz-Plaska, E. Skwarek, T.M. Budnyak, D. Kolodynska, Metal ions removal using nano oxide pyrolox material, Nanoscale Res. Lett., 12 (2017) 95–95.
  24. M. Naushad, Z.A. Alothman, Inamuddin, H. Javadian, Removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solution using ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid-Zr(IV) iodate composite cation exchanger: kinetics, isotherms and thermodynamic studies, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 25 (2015) 35–41.
  25. M. Naushad, Z.A. Alothman, Separation of toxic Pb2+ metal from aqueous solution using strongly acidic cation-exchange resin: analytical applications for the removal of metal ions from pharmaceutical formulation, Desal. Wat. Treat., 53 (2015) 2158–2166.
  26. J.G. Yu, B.Y. Yue, X.W. Wu, Q. Liu, X.Y. Jiang, M. Zhong, H.Y. Li, S.S. Li, X.Q. Chen, The covalently organic functionalization of graphene: methodologies and protocols, Curr. Org. Chem., 20 (2016) 1284–1298.
  27. B. Zawisza, A. Baranik, E. Malicka, E. Talik, R. Sitko, Preconcentration of Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Pb(II) with ethylenediamine-modified graphene oxide, Microchim. Acta, 183 (2016) 231–240.
  28. N. Chen, J. Teng, F. Jiao, X. Jiang, X. Hao, J. Yu, Preparation of triethanolamine functionalized carbon nanotube for aqueous removal of Pb(II), Desal. Wat. Treat., 71 (2017) 191–200
  29. J.Y. Yang, X.Y. Jiang, F.P. Jiao, J.G. Yu. The oxygen-rich pentaerythritol modified multi-walled carbon nanotube as an efficient adsorbent for aqueous removal of alizarin yellow R and alizarin red S. Appl. Surf. Sci., 436 (2018) 198–206.
  30. Y.Y. Zhu, H.J. Cui, S.P. Jia, J.F. Zheng, P.J. Yang, Z.J. Wang, Z.P. Zhu, 3D graphene frameworks with uniformly dispersed CuS as an efficient catalytic electrode for quantum dot-sensitized solar cells, Electrochim. Acta, 208 (2016) 288–295.
  31. J. Yu, J. Zou, L. Liu, X. Jiang, F. Jiao, X. Chen, Preparation of TiO2 based photocatalysts and their photocatalytic degradation properties for methylene blue, rhodamine B and methyl orange, Desal. Wat. Treat., 81 (2017) 282–290.
  32. J.Y. Yang, X.Y. Jiang, F.P. Jiao, J.G. Yu, X.Q. Chen, Fabrication of diiodocarbene functionalized oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotube and its aqueous adsorption performance toward Pb(II), Environ. Earth Sci., 76 (2017) 677.
  33. Z.H. Wang, J.Y. Yang, X.W. Wu, X.Q. Chen, J.G. Yu, Y.P. Wu, Enhanced electrochemical performance of porous activated carbon by forming composite with graphene as highperformance supercapacitor electrode material, J. Nanopart. Res., 19 (2017) 77.
  34. Z.A. Wang, X.M. Zhang, X.W. Wu, J.G. Yu, X.Y. Jiang, Z.L. Wu, X. Hao, Soluble starch functionalized graphene oxide as an efficient adsorbent for aqueous removal of Cd(II): the adsorption thermodynamic, kinetics and isotherms, J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol., 82 (2017) 440–449.
  35. T. Gao, J. Yu, Y. Zhou, X. Jiang, The synthesis of graphene oxide functionalized with dithiocarbamate group and its prominent performance on adsorption of lead ions, J. Taiwan Inst. Chem. Eng., 71 (2017) 426–432.
  36. C.H. Giles, D. Smith, A. Huitson, A general treatment and classification of the solute adsorption isotherm. I. Theoretical, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 47 (1974) 755–765.
  37. C.H. Giles, A.P. D’Silva, I.A. Easton, A general treatment and classification of the solute adsorption isotherm part. II. Experimental interpretation, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 47 (1974) 766–778.
  38. O. Karnitz, Jr., L.V. Alves Gurgel, J.C. Perin de Melo, V.R. Botaro, T.M. Sacramento Melo, R.P. de Freitas Gil, L.F. Gil, Adsorption of heavy metal ion from aqueous single metal solution by chemically modified sugarcane bagasse, Bioresour. Technol., 98 (2007) 1291–1297.
  39. M. Erdem, A. Ozverdi, Lead adsorption from aqueous solution onto siderite, Sep. Purif. Technol., 42 (2005) 259–264.
  40. M. Sekar, V. Sakthi, S. Rengaraj, Kinetics and equilibrium adsorption study of lead(II) onto activated carbon prepared from coconut shell, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 279 (2004) 307–313.
  41. G.B.B. Varadwaj, O.A. Oyetade, S. Rana, B.S. Martincigh, S.B. Jonnalagadda, V.O. Nyamori, Facile synthesis of threedimensional Mg-Al layered double hydroxide/partially reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites for the effective removal of Pb2+ from aqueous solution, ACS Appl. Mater. Interface, 9 (2017) 17291–17306.
  42. A.E. Kucherova, I.V. Romantsova, A.E. Burakov, N.R. Memetov, M.N. Krasnyansky, Graphene-based nanocomposites for enhanced Pb2+ adsorption, Nano Hybrids Composites, 13 (2017) 323–329.
  43. H. Ge, W. Zou, Preparation and characterization of L-glutamic acid-functionalized graphene oxide for adsorption of Pb(II), J. Dispersion Sci. Technol., 38 (2017) 241–247.
  44. J. Teng, X. Zeng, B.Y. Yue, X.H. Zhao, Z.H. Wang, J.G. Yu, X.M. Xu, M. Zhong, X.W. Wu, W.X. Zhou, Z. Zhou, Dibromocarbene modified graphene: preparation, characterization and its application in removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solutions, Nanosci. Nanotechnol. Lett., 8 (2016) 226–231.
  45. H.Y. Li, B.Y. Yue, J.G. Yu, X.W. Wu, W.X. Zhou, N. Zhou, J. Teng, M. Zhong. Diiodocarbene modified graphene: Preparation, characterization and its application as a novel adsorbent for aqueous removal of Pb(II), Nanosci. Nanotechnol. Lett., 8 (2016) 387–392.
  46. X.H. Zhao, F.P. Jiao, J.G. Yu, Y. Xi, X.Y. Jiang, X.Q. Chen, Removal of Cu(II) from aqueous solutions by tartaric acid modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes, Colloid Surf., A, 476 (2015) 35–41.
  47. M.E. Counts, J.S.C. Jen, J.P. Wightman, Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis study of lead adsorbed on montmorillonite, J. Phys. Chem., 77 (1973) 1924–1926.