References

  1. V. Zabolotskii, N. Sheldeshov, S. Melnikov, Heterogeneous bipolar membranes and their application in electrodialysis, Desalination, 342 (2014) 183–203.
  2. G. Pourcelly, Electrodialysis with bipolar membranes: principles, optimization, and applications, Russ. J. Electrochem., 38 (2002) 919–926.
  3. T. Xu, Electrodialysis processes with bipolar membranes (EDBM) in environmental protection – a review, Resour. Conserv. Recycl., 37 (2002) 1–22.
  4. J. Wiśniewski, G. Wiśniewska, T. Winnicki, Application of bipolar electrodialysis to the recovery of acids and bases from water solutions, Desalination, 169 (2004) 11–20.
  5. R. El Moussaoui, G. Pourcelly, M. Maeck, H.D. Hurwitz, C. Gavach, Co-ion leakage through bipolar membranes influence on I-V responses and water-splitting efficiency, J. Membr. Sci., 90 (1994) 283–292.
  6. J.H. Balster, R. Sumbharaju, S. Srikantharajah, I. Pünt, D.F. Stamatialis, V. Jordan, M. Wessling, Asymmetric bipolar membrane: a tool to improve product purity, J. Membr. Sci., 287 (2007) 246–256.
  7. V. Zabolotskii, N. Sheldeshov, S. Melnikov, Effect of cationexchange layer thickness on electrochemical and transport characteristics of bipolar membranes, J. Appl. Electrochem., 47 (2013) 1117–1129.
  8. O.R. Shendrik, M.I. Ponomarev, V.V. Teselkin, V.D. Grebenyk, Development and properties of cation exchange membranes modified with electrosedated dispersion of anionite, Khimiya I technologyay vody, 7 (1985) 29–32 (in Russian).
  9. T. Sata, Studies on ion exchange membranes with permselectivity for specific ions in electrodialysis, J. Membr. Sci., 93 (1994) 117–135.
  10. T.T. Sata, W. Yang, Studies on cation-exchange membranes having permselectivity between cations in electrodialysis, J. Membr. Sci., 206 (2002) 31–60.
  11. E. Güler, W. van Baak, M. Saakes, K. Nijmeijer, Monovalention- selective membranes for reverse electrodialysis, J. Membr. Sci., 455 (2014) 254–270.
  12. A. Mauro, Space charge regions in fixed charge membranes and the associated property of capacitance, Biophys. J., 2 (1962) 179–198.
  13. G. Grossman, Water dissociation effects in ion transport through composite membrane, J. Phys. Chem., 80 (1976) 1616–1625.
  14. S. Mafe, J.A. Manzanares, P. Ramirez, Model for ion transport in bipolar membranes, Phys. Rev. A., 42 (1990) 6245–6248.
  15. H. Strathmann, H.-J. Rapp, B. Bauer, C.M. Bell, Theoretical and practical aspects of preparing bipolar membranes, Desalination, 90 (1993) 303–323.
  16. A. Alcaraz, P. Ramirez, S. Mafé, H. Holdik, A simple model for AC impedance spectra in bipolar membranes, J. Phys. Chem., 100 (1996) 15555.
  17. H. Strathmann, J.J. Krol, H.J. Rapp, G. Eigenberger, Limiting current density and water dissociation in bipolar membranes, J. Membr. Sci., 125 (1997) 123–142.
  18. V.V. Umnov, N.V. Shel’deshov, V.I. Zabolotskii, Structure of the space-charge region at the anionite-cationite interface in bipolar membranes, Russ. J. Electrochem., 35 (1999) 411.
  19. V.V. Umnov, N.V. Shel’deshov, V.I. Zabolotskii, Current–voltage curve for the space charge region of a bipolar membrane, Russ. J. Electrochem., 35 (1999) 871.
  20. H.D. Hurwitz, R. Dibiani, Experimental and theoretical investigations of steady and transient states in systems of ion exchange bipolar membranes, J. Membr. Sci., 228 (2004) 17–43.
  21. T. Xu, Effect of asymmetry in a bipolar membrane on water dissociation – a mathematical analysis, Desalination, 150 (2002) 65–74.
  22. V.I. Kovalchuk, E.K. Zholkovskij, E.V. Aksenenko, F. Gonzalez- Caballero, S.S. Dukhin, Ionic transport across bipolar membrane and adjacent Nernst layers, J. Membr. Sci., 284 (2006) 255–266.
  23. T. Xu, R. Fu, A simple model to determine the trends of electricfield- enhanced water dissociation in a bipolar membrane. II. Consideration of water electrotransport and monolayer asymmetry, Desalination, 190 (2006) 125–136.
  24. R. Femmer, A. Mani, M. Wessling, Ion transport through electrolyte/polyelectrolyte multi-layers, Sci. Rep., 5 (2015) 11583.
  25. R. Simons, Strong electric field effects on proton transfer between membrane-bound amines and water, Nature, 280 (1979) 824–826.
  26. V.I. Zabolotskii, N.V. Shel’deshov, N.P. Gnusin, Dissociation of water molecules in systems with ion-exchange membranes, Russ. Chem. Rev., 57 (1988) 801–808.
  27. S.F. Timashev, E.V. Kirganova, Mechanism of the electrolytic decomposition of water molecules, bipolar ion-exchange membranes, Elektrokhlmiya, 17 (1981) 440 (translated Sov. Electrochem., 17 (1981) 366).
  28. Y. Tanaka, Water dissociation reaction generated in an ion exchange membrane, J. Membr. Sci., 350 (2010) 347–360.
  29. Heterogenous ion-exchange membranes RALEX. Available at: http://www.mega.cz/heterogenous-ion-exchangemembranesralex. html.
  30. S.F. Timashev, Role of temperature and entropic factors in the kinetic of membrane processes, DAN USSR, 285 (1985) 1419–1423 (in Russian).
  31. V.V. Nikonenko, K.A. Lebedev, S.S. Suleimanov, Influence of the convective term in the Nernst-Planck equation on properties of ion transport through a layer of solution or membrane, Russ. J. Electrochem., 45 (2009) 160–169.
  32. N.P. Gnusin, V.I. Zabolotckii, N.V. Sheldeshov, V.M. Illarionova, G.Z. Nefedova, I.G. Freidlin, Issledovanie elektrohimicheskikh svoistv promyshlennykh bipoliarnykh membran, Russ. J. Appl. Chem., 53 (1980) 1069–1072 (in Russian).
  33. S.S. Melnikov, V.I. Zabolotsky, N.V. Sheldeshov, Electrochemical properties of asymmetric bipolar membranes, Condens. Matter Interfaces, 12 (2011) 143–148.
  34. N. Kononenko, V. Nikonenko, D. Grande, C. Larchet, L. Dammak, M. Fomenko, Y. Volfkovich, Porous structure of ion exchange membranes investigated by various techniques, Adv. Colloid Interface Sci., 246 (2017) 196–216.
  35. X. Huang, D. Huang, X. Ou, F. Ding, Z. Chen, Synthesis and properties of side-chain-type ion exchange membrane PEEKg-StSO3Na for bipolar membranes, Appl. Surf. Sci., 258 (2012) 2312–2318.
  36. O.M.M. Kattan Readi, H.J.J. Kuenen, H.J.J. Zwijnenberg, K. Nijmeijer, Novel membrane concept for internal pH control in electrodialysis of amino acids using a segmented bipolar membrane (sBPM), J. Membr. Sci., 443 (2013) 219–226.
  37. S. Abdu, K. Sricharoen, J.E. Wong, E.S. Muljadi, T. Melin, M. Wessling, Catalytic polyelectrolyte multilayers at the bipolar membrane interface, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 5 (2013) 10445–10455.
  38. J. Ran, L. Wu, Y. He, Z. Yang, Y. Wang, C. Jiang, L. Ge, E. Bakangura, T. Xu, Ion exchange membranes: new developments and applications, J. Membr. Sci., 522 (2017) 267–291.