References

1. T. Hashimoto, K. Onda, Y. Nakamura, K. Tada, A. Miya, T. Murakami, Comparison of natural estrogen removal efficiency in the conventional activated sludge process and the oxidation ditch process, Water Res., 41 (2007) 2117–2126.
2. K.J. Hartley, Controlling sludge settle ability in oxidation ditch process, Water Res., 42 (2008) 1459–1466.
3. G. Liu, Y. Chong, Q. Fan, X. Jia, Sh. Li, Hydrodynamic effects of the oxidation ditch on the removal efficiency and energy consumption, Environ. Sci., 27 (2006) 2323–2326 (in Chinese).
4. R. Deng, X. Zhang, T. Wang, H. Xiao, Technical and economic evaluation of oxidation ditch process, Chin. Water Wastewater, 23 (2007) 37–40 ( in Chinese).
5. Y. Liu, H. Shi, Zh. Wang, G. Wang, X. Dai, Y. Wang, Variation of dissolved oxygen and optimum control conditions in Carrousel oxidation ditch, Chin. Environ. Sci., 28 (2008) 843–846 (in Chinese).
6. Sh. Xia, J. Liu, An innovative integrated oxidation ditch with vertical circle for domestic wastewater treatment, Process Biochem., 39 (2004) 1111–1117.
7. L. Luo, W. Li, R. Deng, Z. He, T. Wang, Simulation and analysis on three-dimensional flow field of integrative oxidation ditch, Chin. Water Wastewater, 19 (2003) 15–18 (in Chinese).
8. X. Zhao, Q. Zhang, T. Huang, P. Zhang, Sludge deposition analysis and hydraulic calculation of oxidation ditch bend, Chin. Water Wastewater, 24 (2008) 38–40 (in Chinese).
9. Zh. Chen, R. Yang, Numerical simulation of hydraulic characteristic of oxidation ditch with new corrugated plate guide wall, Environ. Eng., 28 ( 2010) 33–35 ( in Chinese).
10. M. Tiranuntakula, V. Jegatheesana, P.A. Schneidera, H.L. Fracchia, Performance of an oxidation ditch retrofitted with a membrane bioreactor during the start-up, Desalination, 183 (2005) 417–424.
11. Y. Argaman, E. Spivak, Engineering aspects of wastewater treatment in aerated ring-shaped channels, Water Res., 8 (1974) 317–322.
12. S. Simon, M. Roustan, J.M. Audic, P. Chatellier, Prediction of mean circulation velocity in oxidation ditch. Environ. Tech., 22 (2001) 195–204.
13. Y. Li, AIRE-O2 Oxygenation Machine Performance Analysis and Orbal Oxidation Ditch Flow Test and 3D Simulation, PhD Thesis, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China, 2005.
14. Y. Yang, J. Yang, J. Zuo, Y. Li, Sh. He, X. Yang, K. Zhang, Study on two operating conditions of a full-scale oxidation ditch for optimization of energy consumption and effluent quality by using CFD model, Water Res., 45 (2011) 3439–3452.
15. L. Fan, N. Xu, Zh. Wang, H. Shi, PDA experiments and CFD simulation of a lab-scale oxidation ditch with surface aerators, Chem. Eng. Res. Des., 88 (2010) 23–33.
16. W. Wei, Z. Zhang, Y. Zheng, Y. Liu, Numerical simulation of additional guiding baffles to improve velocity distribution in an oxidation ditch, Desal. Wat. Treat., 57 (2016) 24257–24266.
17. W. Wei, Y. Liu, B. Lv, Numerical simulation of optimal submergence depth of impellers in an oxidation ditch, Desal. Wat. Treat., 57 (2016) 8228–8235.
18. A. M. Karpinska, J. Bridgeman, CFD-aided modelling of activated sludge systems—a critical review, Water Res., 88 (2016) 861–879.
19. H. Xie, J. Yang, Y. Hu, H. Zhang, Y. Yang, K. Zhang, X. Zhu, Y. Li, Ch. Yang, Simulation of flow field and sludge settling in a full-scale oxidation ditch by using a two-phase flow CFD model, Chem. Eng. Sci., 109 (2014) 296–305.
20. X. Guo, X. Zhou, Q. Chen, J. Liu, Flow field and dissolved oxygen distributions in the outer channel of the Orbal oxidation ditch by monitor and CFD simulation, J. Environ. Sci., 25 (2013) 645–651.
21. S. Vedantam, J.B. Joshi, S.B. Koganti, Three-dimensional CFD simulation of stratified two-fluid Taylor-Couette flow, Can. J. Chem. Eng., 84 (2006) 279–288.
22. Y. Wei, J. He, Zh. Li, Q. Liu, Hydraulic characteristics in straight section of oxidation ditch, Environ. Sci. Technol., 35 (2012) 87–91.
23. E. Jonhn Finnemore, Joseph B. Franzini, Fluid Mechanics with Engineering Applications, 10th ed., McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., New York City, USA, 2002.