References
- T. Teo, H. Coleman, S. Khan, Chemical contaminants in
swimming pools: occurrence, implications and control, Rev.
Environ. Int., 76 (2015) 16–31.
- N. Negreira, P. Canosa, I. Rodríguez, M. Ramil, E. Rubí,
R. Cela, Study of some UV filters stability in chlorinated
water and identification of halogenated by-products by gas
chromatography-mass spectrometry, J. Chromatogr. A, 1178
(2008) 206–214.
- M. Balmer, H. Buser, M. Müller, T. Poiger, Occurrence of some
organic UV filters in wastewater, in surface waters, and in fish
from Swiss lakes, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39 (2005) 953–962.
- T. Poiger , H.R. Buser, M.E. Balmer, P.A. Bergqvist, M.D.
Muller, Occurrence of UV filter compounds from sunscreens
in surface waters: regional mass balance in two Swiss lakes,
Chemosphere, 55 (2004) 951–963.
- W. Li, Y. Ma, C. Guo, W. Hu, K. Liu, Y. Wang, T. Zhu,
Occurrence and behavior of four of the most used sunscreen
UV filters in a wastewater reclamation plant, Water Res., 41
(2007) 3506–3512.
- D. Giokas, V. Sakkas, T. Albanis, Determination of residues of
UV filters in natural waters by solid-phase extraction coupled
to liquid chromatography–photodiode array detection and gas
chromatography–mass spectrometry, J. Chromatogr. A, 1026
(2004) 289–293.
- A. Santos, M. Miranda, J. Esteves da Silva, The degradation
products of UV filters in aqueous and chlorinated aqueous
solutions. Review, Water Res., 46 (2012) 3167–3176.
- F.A. Caliman, M. Gavrilescu, Pharmaceuticals, personal
care products and endocrine disrupting agents in the
environment—a review, Clean Soil Air Water, 37 (2009) 277–303.
- D. Błędzka, J. Gromadzińska, W. Wąsowicz, Parabens. From
environmental studies to human health, Environ Int., 67 (2014)
27–42.
- P. Canosa, I. Rodriguez, E. Rubi, M.H. Bollain, R. Cela, Formation
of halogenated by-products of parabens in chlorinated water,
J. Chromatogr. A, 1124 (2006) 106–113.
- M. Terasaki, M. Makino, Determination of chlorinated
by-products of parabens in swimming pool water, Int. J.
Environ. Anal. Chem., 88 (2008) 911–922.
- J. Lu, H. Mao, Q. Wang, Z. Yang, Occurrence of and human
exposure to parabens, benzophenones, benzotriazoles, triclosan
and triclocarban in outdoor swimming pool, Sci. Total Environ.,
605–606 (2017) 1064–1069.
- H. Kim, J. Shim, S. Lee, Formation of disinfection by-products
in chlorinated swimming pool water, Chemosphere, 46 (2002)
123–130.
- W. Wang, Y. Qian, J. Boyd, M. Wu, S. Hrudey, X.F. Li,
Halobenzoquinones in swimming pool waters and their
formation from personal care products, Environ. Sci. Technol.,
47 (2013) 3275–3282.
- J. Jin, M. El-Din, J. Bolton, Assessment of the UV/chlorine
process as an advanced oxidation process, Water Res., 45 (2011)
1890–1896.
- X. Zhang, W. Li, E. Blatchley, III, X. Wang, P. Ren, UV/chlorine
process for ammonia removal and disinfection by-product
reduction: comparison with chlorination, Water Res., 68 (2015)
804–811.
- B.A. Wols, C.H. Hofman-Caris, Review of photochemical
reaction constants of organic micropollutants required for UV
advanced oxidation processes in water, Water Res., 46 (2012)
2815–2827.
- J. Fang, Y. Fu, C. Shang, The roles of reactive species in
micropollutant degradation in the UV/free chlorine system,
Environ. Sci. Technol., 48 (2014) 1859–1868.
- M.J. Watts, K.G. Linden, Chlorine photolysis and subsequent
OH radical production during UV treatment of chlorinated
water, Water Res., 41 (2007) 2871–2878.
- Q. Zhao, C. Shang, X. Zhang, G. Ding, X. Yang, Formation of
halogenated organic by-products during medium-pressure
UV and chlorine coexposure of model compounds, NOM and
bromide, Water Res., 45 (2011) 6545–6554.
- N. Cimetiere, J. De Laat, Effects of UV-dechloramination
of swimming pool water on the formation of disinfection
by-products: a lab-scale study, Microchem. J., 112 (2014) 34–41.
- U.S. EPA, Method 551 – Determination of Chlorination
Disinfection By-products and Chlorinated Solvents in Drinking
Water by Liquid-Liquid Extraction and Gas Chromatography
with Electron-Capture Detection, Environmental Monitoring
Systems Laboratory Office of Research and Development, U.S.
EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio, 1990.
- A. Nikolaou, S. Golfinopoulos, M. Kostopoulou, T. Lekkas,
Determination of haloacetic acids in water by acidic methanol
esterification–GC–ECD method, Water Res., 36 (2002)
1089–1094.
- T. Manasfi, B. Coulomb, J. Boudenne, Occurenece, origin, and
toxicity of disinfection by-products in chlorinated swimming
pools: an overview, Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health, 220 (2017)
591–603.
- S. Zhang, X. Wang, H. Yang, Y. Xie, Chlorination of oxybenzone:
kinetics, transformation, disinfection by-products, and
genotoxity changes, Chemosphere, 154 (2016) 521–527.
- W. Ben, P. Sun, C. Huang, Effects of combined UV and
chlorine treatment on chloroform formation from triclosan,
Chemosphere, 150 (2016) 715–722.
- R. Schwarzenbach, P. Gschwend, D. Imboden, Environmental
Organic Chemistry, 2nd ed., John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, New
Jersey, 2003.
- Notre Dame Radiation Laboratory, NDRL/NIST Solution
Kinetics Database, U.S. Department of Energy and University
of Notre Dame, Indiana, USA, 2015.
- S. Simard, R. Tardif, M. Rodriguez, Variability of chlorination
by-products occurrence in water of indoor and outdoor
swimming pools, Water Res., 47 (2013) 1763–1772.