References

  1. H. Métivier-Pignon, C. Faur-Brasquet, P. Le Cloirec, Adsorption of dyes onto activated carbon cloths: approach of adsorption mechanisms and coupling of ACC with ultrafiltration to treat coloured wastewaters, Sep. Purif. Technol., 31 (2003) 3–11.
  2. V.K. Gupta, Suhas, Application of low-cost adsorbents for dye removal – a review, J. Environ. Manage., 90 (2009) 2313–2342.
  3. R. Gong, Y. Ding, M. Li, C. Yang, H. Liu, Y. Sun, Utilization of powdered peanut hull as biosorbent for removal of anionic dyes from aqueous solution, Dyes Pigm., 64 (2005)187–192.
  4. A.M. Ferreira, J.A.P. Coutinho, A.M. Fernandes, M.G. Freire, Complete removal of textile dyes from aqueous media using ionic-liquid-based aqueous two-phase systems, Sep. Purif. Technol., 128 (2014) 58–66.
  5. G. Crini, Non-conventional low-cost adsorbents for dye removal: a review. Bioresour. Technol., 97 (2006) 1061–1085.
  6. G.Z. Kyzas, M. Kostoglou, Green adsorbents for wastewaters: a critical review, Materials, 7 (2014) 333–364.
  7. C. Duran, D. Ozdes, A. Gundogdu, H.B. Senturk, Kinetics and isotherm analysis of basic dyes adsorption onto almond shell (Prunus dulcis) as a low cost adsorbent, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 56 (2011) 2136–2147.
  8. B. Royer, N.F. Cardoso, E.C. Lima, J.C.P. Vaghetti, N.M. Simon, T. Calvete, R.C. Veses, Applications of Brazilian pine-fruit shell in natural and carbonized forms as adsorbents to removal of methylene blue from aqueous solutions—kinetic and equilibrium study, J. Hazard. Mater., 164 (2009) 1213–1222.
  9. M. Farnane, A. Elhalil, A. Machrouhi, F.Z. Mahjoubi, M. Sadiq, M. Abdennouri, S. Qourzal, H. Tounsadi, N. Barka, Enhanced adsorptive removal of cationic dyes from aqueous solution by chemically treated carob shells, Desal. Wat. Treat., 100 (2017) 204–213.
  10. M. El Ouardi, S. Qourzal, A. Assabbane, J. Douch, Adsorption studies of cationic and anionic dyes on synthetic ball clay, J. Appl. Surf. Interface, 1 (2017) 28–34.
  11. K. Kadirvelu, M. Kavipriya, C. Karthika, M. Radhika, N. Vennilamani, S. Pattabhi, Utilization of various agricultural wastes for activated carbon preparation and application for the removal of dyes and metal ions from aqueous solutions, Bioresour. Technol., 87 (2003) 129–132.
  12. A. Machrouhi, A. Elhalil, M. Farnane, F.Z. Mahjoubi, H. Toun-sadi, M. Sadiq, M. Abdennouri, N. Barka, Adsorption behavior of methylene blue onto powdered Ziziphus lotus fruit peels and avocado kernels seeds, J. Appl. Surf. Interface, 1 (2017) 49–56.
  13. A. Machrouhi, M. Farnane, A. Elhalil, M. Abdennouri, H. Tounsadi, S. Qourzal, N. Barka, Biosorption potential of Thapsia transtagana stems for the removal of dyes: kinetics, equilibrium, and thermodynamics, Desal. Wat. Treat., 126 (2018) 324–332.
  14. Z.N. Garba, A.A. Rahim, Adsorption of 4-chlorophenol onto optimum activated carbon from an agricultural waste, Int. J. Sci. Res., 4 (2015) 1931–1936.
  15. R.A. Shawabkeh, D.A. Rockstraw, R.K. Bhada, Copper and strontium adsorption by a novel carbon material manufactured from pecan shells, Carbon, 40 (2002) 781–786.
  16. T. Oymak, N. Eruygur, Effective and rapid removal of cationic and anionic dyes from aqueous solutions using Elaeagnus angustifolia L. fruits as a biosorbent, Desal. Wat. Treat., 138 (2019) 257–264.
  17. E. Köseoglu, C. Akmil-Başar, Preparation, structural evaluation and adsorptive properties of activated carbon from agricultural waste biomass, Adv. Powder Technol., 26 (2015) 811–818.
  18. B.H. Hameed, A.T.M. Din, A.L. Ahmad, Adsorption of methylene blue onto bamboo-based activated carbon: kinetics and equilibrium studies, J. Hazard. Mater., 141 (2007) 819–825.
  19. B.H. Hameed, A.L. Ahmad, K.N.A. Latiff, Adsorption of basic dye (methylene blue) onto activated carbon prepared from rattan sawdust, Dyes Pigm., 75 (2007) 143–149.
  20. F. Amaringo, A. Hormaza, Application of rice husk as an adsorbent for the simultaneous removal of a multicomponent system of dyes: evaluation of the equilibrium and kinetics of the process, Desal. Wat. Treat., 130 (2018) 200–213.
  21. Z.N. Garba, F.B.S. Shikin, A.R. Afidah, Valuation of activated carbon from waste tea for the removal of a basic dye from aqueous solution, J. Chem. Eng. Chem. Res., 2 (2015) 623–633.
  22. M. Danish, R. Hashim, M.N.M. Ibrahim, O. Sulaiman, Effect of acidic activating agents on surface area and surface functional groups of activated carbons produced from Acacia mangium wood, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 104 (2013) 418–425.
  23. D. Cherik, K. Louhab, Preparation of microporous activated carbon from date stones by chemical activation using zinc chloride, Energy Sources Part A, 39 (2017) 1935–1941.
  24. M. Danish, T. Ahmad, W.N.A.W. Nadhari, M. Ahmad, W.A. Khanday, L. Ziyang, Z. Pin, Optimization of banana trunkactivated carbon production for methylene blue-contaminated water treatment, Appl. Water Sci., (2018), doi: 10.1007/s13201-018-0644-7.
  25. R.R. Gil, B. Ruiz, M.S. Lozano, E. Fuente, Influence of the pyrolysis step and the tanning process on KOH-activated carbons from biocollagenic wastes. Prospects as adsorbent for CO2 capture, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 110 (2014) 194–204.
  26. M. Farnane, A. Machrouhi, A. Elhalil, H. Tounsadi, M. Abdennouri, S. Qourzal, N. Barka, Process optimization of potassium hydroxide activated carbon from carob shell biomass and heavy metals removal ability using Box–Behnken design, Desal. Wat. Treat., 133 (2018) 153–166.
  27. Ç. Kırbıyık, A.E. Pütün, E. Pütün, Equilibrium, kinetic, and thermodynamic studies of the adsorption of Fe(III) metal ions and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid onto biomass-based activated carbon by ZnCl2 activation, Surf. Interfaces, 8 (2017) 182–192.
  28. X. Liu, C. He, X. Yu, Y. Bai, L. Ye, B. Wang, L. Zhang, Netlike porous activated carbon materials from shrimp shell by solution-processed carbonization and H3PO4 activation for methylene blue adsorption, Powder Technol., 326 (2018) 181–189.
  29. I.I. Gurten, M. Ozmak, E. Yagmur, Z. Aktas, Preparation and characterisation of activated carbon from waste tea using K2CO3, Biomass Bioenergy, 37 (2012) 73–81.
  30. J. Antony, Design of Experiments for Engineers and Scientists, 1st ed., Butterworth-Heinemann, New York, 2003.
  31. J. Xu, L. Chen, H. Qu, Y. Jiao, J. Xie, G. Xing, Preparation and characterization of activated carbon from reedy grass leaves by chemical activation with H3PO4, Appl. Surf. Sci., 320 (2014) 674–680.
  32. M. Danish, T. Ahmad, A review on utilization of wood biomass as a sustainable precursor for activated carbon production and application, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 87 (2018) 1–21.
  33. O. Ioannidou, A. Zabaniotou, Agricultural residues as precursors for activated carbon production—a review, Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev., 11 (2007) 1966–2005.
  34. M.T. Izquierdo, A.M. Yuso, B. Rubio, M.R. Pino, Conversion of almond shell to activated carbons: methodical study of the chemical activation based on an experimental design and relationship with their characteristics, Biomass Bioenergy, 35 (2011) 1235–1244.
  35. M. Danish, R. Hashim, M.N. Mohamad Ibrahim, O. Sulaiman, Optimized preparation for large surface area activated carbon from date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) stone Biomass, Biomass Bioenergy, 61 (2014) 167–178.
  36. S. Khodadoust, M. Hadjmohammadi, Determination of N-methylcarbamate insecticides in water samples using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and HPLC with the aid of experimental design and desirability function, Anal. Chim. Acta, 699 (2011) 113–119.
  37. M. Auta, B.H. Hameed, Optimized waste tea activated carbon for adsorption of methylene blue and acid blue 29 dyes using response surface methodology, Chem. Eng. J., 175 (2011) 233–243.
  38. Z.N. Garba, A.A. Rahim, Process optimization of K2C2O4-activated carbon from Prosopis africana seed hulls using response surface methodology, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 107 (2014) 306–312.
  39. S. Khodadoust, M. Ghaedi, Optimization of dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction with central composite design for preconcentration of chlordiazepoxide drug and its determination by HPLC‐UV, J. Sep. Sci., 36 (2013) 1734–1742.
  40. A.A. Ahmad, B.H. Hameed, A.L. Ahmad, Removal of disperse dye from aqueous solution using waste-derived activated carbon: optimization study, J. Hazard. Mater., 170 (2009) 612–619.
  41. R. Kumar, R. Singh, N. Kumar, K. Bishnoi, N.R. Bishnoi, Response surface methodology approach for optimization of biosorption process for removal of Cr(VI) Ni(II) and Zn(II) ions by immobilized bacterial biomass sp. Bacillus brevis, Chem. Eng. J., 146 (2009) 401–407.
  42. C.G. Elliott, T.V. Colby, T.M. Kelly, H.G. Hicks, Charcoal lung: Bronchiolitis obliterans after aspiration of activated charcoal, Chest, 96 (1989) 672–674.
  43. American Society for Testing and Materials, Standard Test Method for Determination of Iodine Number of Activated Carbon, D4607, 94 (1999).
  44. H.P. Boehm, E. Diehl, W. Heck, R. Sappok, Surface oxides of carbon, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 3 (1964) 669–677.
  45. J.S. Noh, J.A. Schwarz, Estimation of the point of zero charge of simple oxides by mass titration, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 130 (1989) 157–164.
  46. M.K.B. Gratuito, T. Panyathanmaporn, R.-A. Chumnanklang, N.B. Sirinuntawittaya, A. Dutta, Production of activated carbon from coconut shell: optimization using response surface methodology, Bioresour. Technol., 99 (2008) 4887–4895.
  47. M.R.H. Mas Haris, K. Sathasivam, The removal of methyl red from aqueous solutions using banana pseudostem fibers, Am. J. Appl. Sci., 6 (2009) 1690–1700.
  48. M. Farnane, H. Tounsadi, R. Elmoubarki, F.Z. Mahjoubi, A. Elhalil, S. Saqrane, M. Abdennouri, S. Qourzal, N. Barka, Alkaline treated carob shells as sustainable biosorbent for clean recovery of heavy metals: kinetics, equilibrium, ions interference and process optimization, Ecol. Eng., 101 (2017) 9–20.
  49. F. Suárez-Garcı́a, A. Martı́nez-Alonso, J. M.D. Tascón, Pyrolysis of apple pulp: chemical activation with phosphoric acid, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 63 (2002) 283–301.
  50. D. Prahas, Y. Kartika, N. Indraswati, S. Ismadji, Activated carbon from jackfruit peel waste by H3PO4 chemical activation: pore structure and surface chemistry characterization, Chem. Eng. J., 140 (2008) 32–42.
  51. M. Danish, R. Hashim, M.N.M. Ibrahim, O. Sulaiman, Effect of acidic activating agents on surface area and surface functional groups of activated carbons produced from Acacia mangium wood, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 104 (2013) 418–425.
  52. I. Langmuir, The constitution and fundamental properties of solids and liquids. Part I. Solids, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 38 (1916) 2221–2295.
  53. H. Freundlich, W. Heller, The adsorption of cis- and trans-azobenzene, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 61 (1939) 2228–2230.
  54. S. Rattanapan, J. Srikram, P. Kongsune, Adsorption of methyl orange on coffee grounds activated carbon, Energy Procedia, 138 (2017) 949–954.
  55. H. Tounsadi, A. Khalidi, M. Abdennouri, N. Barka, Activated carbon from Diplotaxis Harra biomass: optimization of preparation conditions and heavy metal removal, J. Taiwan Inst. Chem. Eng., 59 (2016) 348–358.
  56. H. Tounsadi, A. Khalidi, A. Machrouhi, M. Farnane, R. Elmoubarki, A. Elhalil, M. Sadiq, N. Barka, Highly efficient activated carbon from Glebionis coronaria L. biomass: optimization of preparation conditions and heavy metals removal using experimental design approach, J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 4 (2016) 4549–4564.
  57. S. Chen, J. Zhang, C. Zhang, Q. Yue, Y. Li, C. Li, Equilibrium and kinetic studies of methyl orange and methyl violet adsorption on activated carbon derived from Phragmites australis, Desalination, 252 (2010) 149–156.
  58. T. Mahmood, R. Ali, A. Naeem, M. Hamayun, M. Aslam, Potential of used Camellia sinensis leaves as precursor for activated carbon preparation by chemical activation with H3PO4; optimization using response surface methodology, Process Saf. Environ. Prot., 109 (2017) 548–563.
  59. M. Farnane, H. Tounsadi, A. Machrouhi, A. Elhalil, F.Z. Mahjoubi, M. Sadiq, M. Abdennouri, S. Qourzal, N. Barka, Dye removal from aqueous solution by raw maize corncob and H3PO4 activated maize corncob, J. Water Reuse Desal., 8 (2017) 214–224.
  60. A. Machrouhi, M. Farnane, A. Elhalil, R. Elmoubarki, M. Abdennouri, S. Qourzal, H. Tounsadi, N. Barka, Effectiveness of beetroot seeds and H3PO4 activated beetroot seeds for the removal of dyes from aqueous solutions, J. Water Reuse Desal., 8 (2018) 522–531.
  61. C. Djilani, R. Zaghdoudi, F. Djazi, B. Bouchekima, A. Lallam, A. Modarressi, M. Rogalski, Adsorption of dyes on activated carbon prepared from apricot stones and commercial activated carbon, J. Taiwan Inst. Chem. Eng., 53 (2015) 112–121.
  62. E.G. Lemraski, S. Sharafinia, M. Alimohammadi, New activated carbon from persian mesquite grain as an excellent adsorbent, Phys. Chem. Res., 5 (2017) 81–98.
  63. A.-A. Peláez-Cid, A.-M. Herrera-González, M. Salazar-Villanueva, A. Bautista-Hernández, Elimination of textile dyes using activated carbons prepared from vegetable residues and their characterization, J. Environ. Manage., 181 (2016) 269–278.
  64. S. Das, S. Mishra, Box-Behnken statistical design to optimize preparation of activated carbon from Limonia acidissima shell with desirability approach, J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 5 (2017) 588–600.
  65. M.U. Dural, L. Cavas, S.K. Papageorgiou, F.K. Katsaros, Methylene blue adsorption on activated carbon prepared from Posidonia oceanica (L.) dead leaves: kinetics and equilibrium studies, Chem. Eng. J., 168 (2011) 77–85.
  66. H. Tounsadi, A. Khalidi, M. Farnane, M. Abdennouri, N. Barka, Experimental design for the optimization of preparation conditions of highly efficient activated carbon from Glebionis coronaria L. and heavy metals removal ability, Process Saf. Environ. Prot., 102 (2016) 710–723.
  67. M. Hejazifar, S. Azizian, H. Sarikhani, Q. Li, D. Zhao, Microwave assisted preparation of efficient activated carbon from grapevine rhytidome for the removal of methyl violet from aqueous solution, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 92 (2011) 258–266.