References

  1. Y. Hang, H.B. Yin, A.L. Wang, L.Q. Shen, Y.H. Feng, R.J. Liu, Preparation of titanate whiskers starting from metatitanic acid and their adsorption performances for Cu(II), Pb(II), and Cr(III) ions, Water Air Soil Pollut., 225 (2014) 2095.
  2. L. Liu, L.J. Yu, W. Zhang, J.H. Fan, Q.T. Zuo, M.J. Li, Z.F. Yan, Z.C. You, R.Y. Wang, Adsorption performance of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution onto a novel complex of coffee grounds and attapulgite clay, Desal. Wat. Treat., 153 (2019) 208–215.
  3. S.V. Hosseini, S. Sobhanardakani, R. Tahergorabi, P. Delfieh, Selected heavy metals analysis of persian sturgeon’s (Acipenser persicus) caviar from southern caspian sea, Biol. Trace Elem. Res., 154 (2013) 357–362.
  4. Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality, 4th ed., World Health Organization, 2011. Available at: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/44584/1/9789241548151_eng.pdf.
  5. 2012 Edition of the Drinking Water Standards and Health Advisories, Office of Water, US Environmental Protection Agency. Available at: https://www.epa.gov/ground-water-anddrinking-water/table-regulated-drinking-water-contaminants.
  6. The Chinese National Standards for Drinking Water Quality (GB 5749-2006), 2006. Available at: http://www.nhfpc.gov.cn/cmsresources/zwgkzt/wsbz/new/20070628143525.pdf.
  7. Y. Hang, H.B. Yin, Y.Q. Ji, Y. Liu, Z.P. Lu, A.L. Wang, L.Q. Shen, H.X. Yin, Adsorption performances of naked and 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane-modified mesoporous TiO2 hollow nanospheres for Cu2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, and Cr(VI) ions, J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol., 17 (2017) 5539–5549.
  8. M.B. Jazi, M. Arshadi, M.J. Amiri, A. Gil, Kinetic and thermodynamic investigations of Pb(II) and Cd(II) adsorption on nanoscale organo-functionalized SiO₂-Al₂O₃, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 422 (2014) 16–24.
  9. F. Talebzadeh, R. Zandipak, S. Sobhanardakani, CeO2 nanoparticles supported on CuFe2O4 nanofibers as novel adsorbent for removal of Pb(II), Ni(II), and V(V) ions from petrochemical wastewater, Desal. Wat. Treat., 57 (2016) 28363–28377.
  10. S. Yang, J. Hu, C. Chen, D. Shao, X. Wang, Mutual effects of Pb(II) and humic acid adsorption on multiwalled carbon nanotubes/polyacrylamide composites from aqueous solutions, Environ. Sci. Technol., 45 (2011) 3621–3627.
  11. H. Tsade, B. Abebe, H.C.A. Murthy, Nano sized Fe-Al oxide mixed with natural maize cob sorbent for lead remediation, Mater. Res. Express, 6 (2019) 085043.
  12. P.B. Rathod, S. Chappa, K.S.A. Kumar, A.K. Pandey, A.A. Athawale, Poly(ethylenimine) functionalized magnetic nanoparticles for sorption of Pb, Cu, and Ni: potential application in catalysis, Sep. Sci. Technol., 54 (2019) 1588–1598.
  13. S. Feng, S.G. Liu, S.S. Feng, R.B. Wang, Efficient removal of Pb2+ from water using Fe3O4@UiO-66-NH2 core/shell nanocomposite, Desal. Wat. Treat., 151 (2019) 251–263.
  14. S. Arjmandpour, H.A. Panahi, Removal of lead ion from environmental samples using modified glass nanoparticles, Desal. Wat. Treat., 137 (2019) 212–220.
  15. H. Hashtroudi, M. Khiadani, G.Z. Sun, Pb(II) ions sequestration from aqueous solutions by canola stalk: isotherms and kinetics studies, Desal. Wat. Treat., 118 (2018) 205–215.
  16. K.K. Kumar, M.K. Prasad, G. Baburao, M. Sudhakar, J. Sivajyothi, T. Sathish, C.V.R. Murthy, A fortunate marine algae biomass, Sargassum cinereum for removal of Pb(II): studies on thermodynamics, kinetics and characterization, Desal. Wat. Treat., 116 (2018) 179–186.
  17. X.L. Yuan, W.T. Xia, J. An, X.J. Zhou, X.Y. Xiang, J.G. Yin, W.Q. Yang, Adsorption characteristics of Pb(II) ions onto wasted iron ore tailing with phosphorus used as natural adsorbent from aqueous solution, Desal. Wat. Treat., 98 (2017) 222–232.
  18. F.E. Setaredjo, Y.H. Ju, S. Ismadji, A. Ayucitra, Removal of Cu(II) and Pb(II) from wastewater using biochar-clay nanocomposite, Desal. Wat. Treat., 82 (2017) 188–200.
  19. X. Chen, L. Liu, P.Y. Yu, S.S. Mao, Increasing solar absorption for photocatalysis with black hydrogenated titanium dioxide nanocrystals, Science, 331 (2011) 746–750.
  20. X. Chen, L. Liu, F. Huang, Black titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanomaterials, Chem. Soc. Rev., 44 (2015) 1861–1885.
  21. T. Lin, C. Yang, Z. Wang, H. Yin, X. Lü, F. Huang, J. Lin, X. Xie, M. Jiang, Effective nonmetal incorporation in black titania with enhanced solar energy utilization, Energy Environ. Sci., 7 (2014) 967–972.
  22. L.B. Khalil, W.E. Mourad, M.W. Rophael, Photocatalytic reduction of environmental pollutant Cr(VI) over some semiconductors under UV/visible light illumination, Appl. Catal., B, 17 (1998) 267–273.
  23. L. Yu, X. Peng, F. Ni, J. Li, D. Wang, Z. Luan, Arsenite removal from aqueous solutions by γ-Fe2O3-TiO2 magnetic nanoparticles through simultaneous photocatalytic oxidation and adsorption, J. Hazard. Mater., 246 (2013) 10–17.
  24. J.K. Yang, S.M. Lee, Removal of Cr(VI) and humic acid by using TiO2 photocatalysis, Chemosphere, 63 (2006) 1677–1684.
  25. M. Ye, Z. Chen, W. Wang, J. Shen, J. Ma, Hydrothermal synthesis of TiO2 hollow microspheres for the photocatalytic degradation of 4-chloronitrobenzene, J. Hazard. Mater., 184 (2010) 612–619.
  26. M. Thommes, K. Kaneko, A.V. Neimark, J.P. Olivier, F. Rodriguez-Reinoso, J. Rouquerol, K.S.W. Sing, Physisorption of gases, with special reference to the evaluation of surface area and pore size distribution, Pure Appl. Chem., 87 (2015) 1051–1069.
  27. Y. Chen, D.D. Dionysiou, A comparative study on physicochemical properties and photocatalytic behavior of macroporous TiO2-P25 composite films and macroporous TiO2 films coated on stainless steel substrate, Appl. Catal., A, 317 (2007) 129–137.
  28. Y. Chen, D.D. Dionysiou, Bimodal mesoporous TiO2–P25 composite thick films with high photocatalytic activity and improved structural integrity, Appl. Catal., B, 80 (2008) 147–155.
  29. M.M. Ye, Z.L. Chen, T.Q. Zhang, W.Y. Shao, Effect of calcination temperature on the catalytic activity of nanosized TiO2 for ozonation of trace 4-chloronitrobenzene, Water Sci. Technol., 66 (2012) 479–486.
  30. J.C. Groen, J. Pérez-Ramı́Rez, Critical appraisal of mesopore characterization by adsorption analysis, Appl. Catal., A, 268 (2004) 121–125.
  31. S. Sobhanardakani, R. Zandipak, Synthesis and application of TiO2/SiO2/Fe3O4 nanoparticles as novel adsorbent for removal of Cd(II), Hg(II) and Ni(II) ions from water samples, Clean Technol. Environ. Policy, 19 (2017) 1913–1925.
  32. S. Sobhanardakania, A. Jafarib, R. Zandipaka, A. Meidanchic, Removal of heavy metal (Hg(II) and Cr(VI)) ions from aqueous solutions using Fe2O3@SiO2 thin films as a novel adsorbent, Process Saf. Environ., 120 (2018) 348–357.
  33. Y.S. Ho, G. Mckay, Sorption of dye from aqueous solution by peat, Chem. Eng. J., 70 (1998) 115–124.
  34. Y.S. Ho, G. Mckay, The kinetics of sorption of divalent metal ions onto sphagnum moss peat, Water Res., 34 (2000) 735–742.
  35. C. Namasivayam, Removal and recovery of molybdenum from aqueous solutions by adsorption onto surfactant-modified coir pith, a lignocellulosic polymer, Clean Soil Air Water, 37 (2009) 60–66.
  36. J. Febrianto, A.N. Kosasih, J. Sunarso, Y.H. Ju, N. Indraswati, S. Ismadji, Equilibrium and kinetic studies in adsorption of heavy metals using biosorbent: a summary of recent studies, J. Hazard. Mater., 162 (2009) 616–645.
  37. I. Langmuir, The adsorption of gases on plane surfaces of glass, mica and platinum, J. Chem. Phys., 40 (1918) 1361–1403.
  38. H. Freundlich, Über die adsorption in lösungen, Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 57 (1906) 121–125.