References

  1. P. Tume, E. González, F. Reyes, J.P. Fuentes, N. Roca, J. Bech, G. Medina, Sources analysis and health risk assessment of trace elements in urban soils of Hualpen, Chile, Catena, 175 (2019) 304–316.
  2. G. Li, G.-X. Sun, Y. Ren, X.-S. Luo, Y.-G. Zhu, Urban soil and human health: a review, Eur. J. Soil Sci., 69 (2018) 196–215.
  3. J.C. Duan, J.H. Tan, Atmospheric heavy metals and arsenic in China: situation, sources and control policies, Atmos. Environ., 74 (2013) 93–101.
  4. M.S. Wang, Q. Han, C.L. Gui, J.L. Cao, Y.P. Liu, X.D. He, Y.C. He, Differences in the risk assessment of soil heavy metals between newly built and original parks in Jiaozuo, Henan Province, China, Sci. Total Environ., 676 (2019) 1–10.
  5. E. Adamiec, E. Jarosz-Krzemińska, R. Wieszała, Heavy metals from non-exhaust vehicle emissions in urban and motorway road dusts, Environ. Monit. Assess., 188 (2016) 369.
  6. Science Communication Unit, Science for Environment Policy IN-DEPTH Report: Soil Contamination: Impacts on Human Health, European Commission DG Environment, University of the West of England (UWE), Bristol, 2013.
  7. X. Qing, Z. Yutong, L. Shenggao, Assessment of heavy metal pollution and human health risk in urban soils of steel industrial city (Anshan), Liaoning, Northeast China, Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., 120 (2015) 377–385.
  8. C.L.S. Wiseman, F. Zereini, W. Püttmann, Metal and metalloid accumulation in cultivated urban soils: a medium-term study of trends in Toronto, Canada, Sci. Total Environ., 538 (2015) 564–572.
  9. N.S. Yuswir, S.M. Praveena, A.Z. Aris, S.N.S. Ismail, Z. Hashim, Health risk assessment of heavy metal in urban surface soil (Klang District, Malaysia), Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 95 (2015) 80–89.
  10. B. Mugoša, D. Ðurović, M. Nedović-Vuković, S. Barjaktarović-Labović, M. Vrvić, Assessment of ecological risk of heavy metal contamination in coastal municipalities of Montenegro, Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 13 (2016) 393.
  11. A. Mohseni-Bandpei, S.D. Ashrafi, H. Kamani, A. Paseban, Contamination and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in surface soils of Esfarayen City, Iran, Health Scope, 6 (2017) e39703.
  12. I.V. Galitskaya, K. Rama Mohan, A. Keshav Krishna, G.I. Batrak, O.N. Eremina, V.S. Putilina, T.I. Yuganova, Assessment of soil and groundwater contamination by heavy metals and metalloids in Russian and Indian megacities, Procedia Earth Planet. Sci., 17 (2017) 674–677.
  13. S.Y. Li, Z.M. Jia, Heavy metals in soils from a representative rapidly developing megacity (SW China): levels, source identification and apportionment, Catena, 163 (2018) 414–423.
  14. M. Wang, R. Liu, W.P. Chen, C. Peng, B. Markert, Effects of urbanization on heavy metal accumulation in surface soils, Beijing, J. Environ. Sci., 64 (2018) 328–334.
  15. I. Massas, D. Ioannou, D. Kalivas, D. Gasparatos, Distribution of heavy metals concentrations in soils around the International Athens Airport (Greece). An assessment on preliminary data, Bull. Geol. Soc. Greece, 50 (2016) 2231–2240.
  16. N. Ozgul, I. Ozcan, I. Akmese, K. Uner, I. Bilgin, R. Korkmaz, U. Yıldırım, Z. Yıldız, O. Akdag, M. Tekin, Geology of the İstanbul City, Published by İstanbul Metropolitan Municipality, 2011, p. 305.
  17. N. Ozgul, Stratigraphy and some structural features of the İstanbul Palaeozoic, Turk. J. Earth Sci., 21 (2012) 817–866.
  18. M. Barbieri, The importance of enrichment factor (EF) and geoaccumulation index (Igeo) to evaluate the soil contamination, J. Geol. Geophys., 5 (2016) 1–4.
  19. I.A. Ololade, An assessment of heavy-metal contamination in soils within auto-mechanic workshops using enrichment and contamination factors with geoaccumulation indexes, J. Environ. Prot., 5 (2014) 970–982.
  20. U. Aiman, A. Mahmood, S. Waheed, R.N. Malik, Enrichment, geo-accumulation and risk surveillance of toxic metals for different environmental compartments from Mehmood Booti dumping site, Lahore city, Pakistan, Chemosphere, 144 (2016) 2229–2237.
  21. J.L. Xu, B.B. Jing, K.X. Zhang, Y.C. Cui, D. Malkinson, D. Kopel, K. Song, L.J. Da, Heavy metal contamination of soil and treering in urban forest around highway in Shanghai, China, Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess., 23 (2017) 1745–1762.
  22. Y.X. Jiang, S.H. Chao, J.W. Liu, Y. Yang, Y.J. Chen, A.C. Zhang, H.B. Cao, Source apportionment and health risk assessment of heavy metals in soil for a township in Jiangsu Province, China, Chemosphere, 168 (2017) 1658–1668.
  23. L. Hakanson, An ecological risk index for aquatic pollutioncontrol - a sedimentological approach, Water Res., 14 (1980) 975–1001.
  24. S. Dehghani, F. Moore, B. Keshavarzi, A.H. Beverley, Health risk implications of potentially toxic metals in street dust and surface soil of Tehran, Iran, Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., 136 (2017) 92–103.
  25. D.C. Tomlinson, J.G. Wilson, C.R. Harris, D.W. Jeffrey, Problems in the assessment of heavy-metal levels in estuaries and the formation of a pollution index, Helgol. Wiss. Meeresunters, 33 (1980) 566–575.
  26. S. Jorfi, R. Maleki, N. Jaafarzadeh, M. Ahmadi, Pollution load index for heavy metals in Mian-Ab plain soil, Khuzestan, Iran, Data Brief, 15 (2017) 584–590.
  27. A. Ozturk, C. Yarci, I.I. Ozyigit, Assessment of heavy metal pollution in Istanbul using plant (Celtis australis L.) and soil assays, Biotechnol. Biotechnol. Equip., 31 (2017) 948–954.
  28. G. Yaylalı-Abanuz, Heavy metal contamination of surface soil around Gebze industrial area, Turkey, Microchem. J., 99 (2011) 82–92.
  29. D. Bingöl, S. Karayünlü Bozbaş, Ü. Ay, N. Uzgören, Chemometric evaluation of the heavy metal contents in surface soils from the Dilovası Region (Kocaeli/Turkey), Cumhuriyet Sci. J., 38 (2018) 23–33.
  30. N. Balkaya, S. Guneysu, eds., Recycling and Reuse Approaches for Better Sustainability, Springer International Publishing AG, Part of Springer Nature, Cham, 2019, pp. 215–230.
  31. E.E. Ozbas, H.K. Ozcan, N. Balkaya, G. Demir, Heavy metal amounts in soil and sediments of surface water sources in the industrial regions of Istanbul, J. Residuals Sci. Technol., 4 (2007) 89–94.
  32. A. Özkan, V. Özkan, S. Sungur, H. Birses, Heavy metal pollution around International Hatay Airport, Nat. Eng. Sci., 2 (2017) 18–24.
  33. O.A. Al-Khashman, R.A. Shawabkeh, Metal distribution in urban soil around steel industry beside Queen Alia Airport, Jordan, Environ. Geochem. Health, 31 (2009) 717–726.
  34. I. Massas, D. Gasparatos, D. Ioannou, D. Kalivas, Signs for secondary buildup of heavy metals in soils at the periphery of Athens International Airport, Greece, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 25 (2018) 658–671.
  35. S. Ray, P.S. Khillare, K.H. Kim, The effect of aircraft traffic emissions on the soil surface contamination analysis around the International Airport in Delhi, India, Asian J. Atmos. Environ., 6 (2012) 118–126.
  36. P.H. Rao, A.Y. Zhu, W. Yao, W.Q. Zhang, Y. Men, G.Y. Ding, Sources and risk assessment of metal contamination in soils at the international airport of Shanghai, China, Toxicol. Environ. Chem., 96 (2014) 1153–1161.
  37. Methods for Inventories of Contaminated Sites, Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, Report 5053, 1st ed., Stockholm, Sweden, 2002. Available at: http://www.naturvardsverket. se.
  38. Canadian Environmental Quality Guidelines (CCME), Canadian Soil Quality Guidelines for the Protection of Environmental and Human Health. Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment, Winnipeg, 2007.
  39. VROM (Volkshuisvesting, RuimtelijkeOrdeningenMilieubeheer), Circular on Target Values and Intervention Values for Soil Remediation. Spatial Planning and Environment, Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and Environment, Netherlands, 2000.
  40. G. Tóth, T. Hermann, G. Szatmári, L. Pásztor, Maps of heavy metals in the soils of the European Union and proposed priority areas for detailed assessment, Sci. Total Environ., 565 (2016) 1054–1062.
  41. B.J. Alloway, Sources of Heavy Metals and Metalloids in Soils, B.J. Alloway, Ed., Heavy Metals in Soils: Trace Metals and Metalloids in Soils and their Bioavailability, Springer Science+Business Media, Dordrecht, 2013.
  42. S.R. Taylor, S.M. McLennan, The geochemical evolution of the continental crust, Rev. Geophys., 33 (1995) 165–241.
  43. R.L. Vander Wal, V.M. Bryg, C.-H. Huang, Aircraft engine particulate matter: macro- micro- and nanostructure by HRTEM and chemistry by XPS, Combust. Flame, 161 (2014) 602–611.
  44. F. Amato, T. Moreno, M. Pandolfi, X. Querol, A. Alastuey, A. Delgado, M. Pedrero, N. Cots, Concentrations, sources and geochemistry of airborne particulate matter at a major European airport, J. Environ. Monit., 12 (2010) 854–862.
  45. J. Zhang, C.L. Liu, Riverine composition and estuarine geochemistry of particulate metals in China—weathering features, anthropogenic impact and chemical fluxes, Estuarine Coastal Shelf Sci., 54 (2000) 1051–1070.
  46. R. Rai, S. Sharma, D.B. Gurung, B.K. Sitaula, Heavy metal contamination in sediments from vehicle washing: a case study of Olarong Chhu Stream and Paa Chhu River, Bhutan, Int. J. Environ. Stud., 76 (2019) 66–83.
  47. C.L. Ndiokwere, A study of heavy metal pollution from motor vehicle emissions and its effect on roadside soil, vegetation and crops in Nigeria, Environ. Pollut. Ser. B, 7 (1984) 35–42.
  48. D.J. Smith, H. Shilley, Residential Car Washwater Monitoring Study, City of Federal Way, Public Works Department, Surface Water Management Division, Washington, 2009.
  49. N.I. Ward, Multielement contamination of British motorway environments, Sci. Total Environ., 93 (1990) 393–401.
  50. A. Thorpe, R.M. Harrison, Sources and properties of nonexhaust particulate matter from road traffic: a review, Sci. Total Environ., 400 (2008) 270–282.
  51. T. Grigoratos, G. Martini, Brake wear particle emissions: a review, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 22 (2015) 2491–2504
  52. S. Rodrı́guez, X. Querol, A. Alastuey, M.-M. Viana, M. Alarcón, E. Mantilla, C.R. Ruiz, Comparative PM10–PM2.5 source contribution study at rural, urban and industrial sites during PM episodes in Eastern Spain, Sci. Total Environ., 328 (2004) 95–113.
  53. M.S. Atiemo, G.F. Ofosu, H. Kuranchie-Mensah, A.O. Tutu, N.D.M.L. Palm, S.A. Blankson, Contamination assessment of heavy metals in road dust from selected roads in Accra, Ghana, Res. J. Environ. Earth Sci., 3 (2011) 473–480.
  54. G. Weckwerth, Verification of traffic emitted aerosol components in the ambient air of Cologne (Germany), Atmos. Environ., 35 (2001) 5525–5536.