References

  1. S. Suthar, P. Bishnoi, S. Singh, P.K. Mutiyar, A.K. Nema, N.S. Patil, Nitrate contamination in groundwater of some rural areas of Rajasthan, India, J. Hazard. Mater., 171 (2009) 189–199.
  2. B. Karimi, S. Samadi, Nitrate removal from aqueous solution: using zero-valent iron (Fe degrees) fixed on Ca-alginate bead, Desal. Wat. Treat., 143 (2019) 235–239.
  3. M. Ward, R. Jones, J. Brender, T. de Kok, P. Weyer, B. Nolan, C. Villanueva, S. van Breda, Drinking water nitrate and human health: an updated review, Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 15 (2018) 1557.
  4. H.-F. Chiu, S.-S. Tsai, C.-Y. Yang, Nitrate in drinking water and risk of death from bladder cancer: an ecological casecontrol study in Taiwan, J. Toxicol. Environ. Health, 70 (2007) 1000–1004.
  5. R.R. Jones, P.J. Weyer, C.T. DellaValle, M. Inoue-Choi, K.E. Anderson, K.P. Cantor, S. Krasner, K. Robien, L.E.B. Freeman, D.T. Silverman, Nitrate from drinking water and diet and bladder cancer among postmenopausal women in Iowa, Environ. Health Perspect., 124 (2016) 1751–1758.
  6. N. Espejo-Herrera, E. Gràcia-Lavedan, E. Boldo, N. Aragonés, B. Pérez-Gómez, M. Pollán, A.J. Molina, T. Fernández, V. Martín, C. La Vecchia, Colorectal cancer risk and nitrate exposure through drinking water and diet, Int. J. Cancer, 139 (2016) 334–346.
  7. R.R. Jones, P.J. Weyer, C.T. DellaValle, K. Robien, K.P. Cantor, S. Krasner, L.F. Beane, M.H. Ward, Ingested nitrate, disinfection by-products, and kidney cancer risk in older women, Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.), 28 (2017) 703–711.
  8. J.D. Brender, P.J. Weyer, P.A. Romitti, B.P. Mohanty, M.U. Shinde, A.M. Vuong, J.R. Sharkey, D. Dwivedi, S.A. Horel, J. Kantamneni, Prenatal nitrate intake from drinking water and selected birth defects in offspring of participants in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, Environ. Health Perspect., 121 (2013) 1083–1089.
  9. L.T. Stayner, K. Almberg, R. Jones, J. Graber, M. Pedersen, M. Turyk, Atrazine and nitrate in drinking water and the risk of preterm delivery and low birth weight in four Midwestern states, Environ. Res., 152 (2017) 294–303.
  10. B.A. Kilfoy, Y. Zhang, Y. Park, T.R. Holford, A. Schatzkin, A. Hollenbeck, M.H. Ward, Dietary nitrate and nitrite and the risk of thyroid cancer in the NIH‐AARP Diet and Health Study, Int. J. Cancer, 129 (2011) 160–172.
  11. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), Toxicological Profile for Nitrate and Nitrite, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Atlanta, GA, 2017. https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp204.pdf.
  12. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Ingested Nitrate and Nitrite, and Cyanobacterial Peptide Toxins, IARC, Lyon, World Health Organization, France, 94, 2010. Available at: https://publications.iarc.fr/Book-And-Report-Series/Iarc-Monographs-On-The-Identification-Of-Carcinogenic-Hazards-To-Humans/Ingested-Nitrate-And-Nitrite-And-Cyanobacterial-Peptide-Toxins-2010.
  13. F. Edition, Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality, WHO Chronicle, 38 (2011) 104–108.
  14. USEPA, (US Environmental Protection Agency), National Primary Drinking Water Regulations, Washington, USA, 2015. https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-06/.../npwdr_complete_table.pdf.
  15. Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran (ISIRI), Drinking water - Physical and chemical specifications, 2015. http://www.environment-lab.ir/standards/water-drinkstandard-1053.pdf.
  16. M.O. Rivett, S.R. Buss, P. Morgan, J.W. Smith, C.D. Bemment, Nitrate attenuation in groundwater: a review of biogeochemical controlling processes, Water Res., 42 (2008) 4215–4232.
  17. W. Zhang, Z. Tian, N. Zhang, X. Li, Nitrate pollution of groundwater in northern China, Agric. Ecosyst. Environ., 59 (1996) 223–231.
  18. B. Karimi, S. Samadi, Health risk assessment for exposure to nitrate and nitrite in drinking water in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Desal. Wat. Treat., 136 (2018) 369–394.
  19. M. Jalali, Major ion chemistry of groundwaters in the Bahar area, Hamadan, western Iran, Environ. Geol., 47 (2005) 763–772.
  20. K. Hu, Y. Huang, H. Li, B. Li, D. Chen, R.E. White, Spatial variability of shallow groundwater level, electrical conductivity and nitrate concentration, and risk assessment of nitrate contamination in North China Plain, Environ. Int., 31 (2005) 896–903.
  21. M. Chica-Olmo, J.A. Luque-Espinar, V. Rodriguez-Galiano, E. Pardo-Igúzquiza, L. Chica-Rivas, Categorical Indicator Kriging for assessing the risk of groundwater nitrate pollution: the case of Vega de Granada aquifer (SE Spain), Sci. Total Environ., 470 (2014) 229–239.
  22. APHA, AWWA, WEF, Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater, 22nd ed., American Public Health Association, Washington, 2012, 1360 p.
  23. N. Adimalla, Groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation purposes and potential health risks assessment: a case study from semi-arid region of South India, Exposure and Health, 11 (2019) 109–123.
  24. USEPA (US Environmental Protection Agency), Baseline Human Health Risk Assessment Vasquez Boulevard and I-70 superfund site, Denver, CO, 2001. http://www.epa.gov/region8/super-fund/sites/VB-170-Risk.pdf.
  25. N.S. Rao, Geochemistry of groundwater in parts of Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh, India, Environ. Geol., 41 (2002) 552–562.
  26. L. Debernardi, D.A. De Luca, M. Lasagna, Correlation between nitrate concentration in groundwater and parameters affecting aquifer intrinsic vulnerability, Environ. Geol., 55 (2008) 539–558.
  27. Y. Zhang, J. Wu, B. Xu, Human health risk assessment of groundwater nitrogen pollution in Jinghui canal irrigation area of the loess region, northwest China, Environ. Earth Sci., 77 (2018) 273.
  28. N. Adimalla, P. Li, H. Qian, Evaluation of groundwater contamination for fluoride and nitrate in semi-arid region of Nirmal Province, South India: A special emphasis on human health risk assessment (HHRA), Human Ecol. Risk Assess., 25 (2019) 1107–1124.
  29. P. Li, X. Li, X. Meng, M. Li, Y. Zhang, Appraising groundwater quality and health risks from contamination in a semiarid region of northwest China, Exposure Health, 8 (2016) 361–379.
  30. A. Narsimha, S. Rajitha, Spatial distribution and seasonal variation in fluoride enrichment in groundwater and its associated human health risk assessment in Telangana State, South India, Human Ecol. Risk Assess., 24 (2018) 2119–2132.
  31. J. Wu, Z. Sun, Evaluation of shallow groundwater contamination and associated human health risk in an alluvial plain impacted by agricultural and industrial activities, mid-west China, Exposure Health, 8 (2016) 311–329.
  32. D. Perrot, N.P. Molotch, M.W. Williams, S.M. Jepsen, J.O. Sickman, Relationships between stream nitrate concentration and spatially distributed snowmelt in high‐elevation catchments of the western US, Water Resour. Res., 50 (2014) 8694–8713.
  33. J.M. Alqahtani, A.M. Asaad, E.M. Ahmed, M.A. Qureshi, Drinking water quality and public health in Southwestern Saudi Arabia: the need for a national monitoring program, J. Family Commun. Med., 22 (2015) 19.
  34. K. Rina, P. Datta, C.K. Singh, S. Mukherjee, Determining the genetic origin of nitrate contamination in aquifers of Northern Gujarat, India, Environ. Earth Sci., 71 (2014) 1711–1719.
  35. C. Neal, H.P. Jarvie, M. Neal, L. Hill, H. Wickham, Nitrate concentrations in river waters of the upper Thames and its tributaries, Sci. Total Environ., 365 (2006) 15–32.
  36. J. Power, J. Schepers, Nitrate contamination of groundwater in North America, Agric. Ecosyst. Environ., 26 (1989) 165–187.
  37. V. Rasiah, J. Armour, P. Nelson, Nitrate in shallow fluctuating groundwater under sugarcane: quantifying the lateral export quantities to surface waters, Agric. Ecosyst. Environ., 180 (2013) 103–110.
  38. X. Ying-Xin, Z.-Q. Xiong, X. Guang-Xi, S. Guo-Qing, Z. Zhao-Liang, Assessment of Nitrogen Pollutant Sources in Surface Waters of Taihu Lake Region11Project supported by the State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. 035109) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30390080), Pedosphere, 17 (2007) 200–208.