References

  1. M.H. Ali El-Saie, The MSF desalination process and its prospects for the future, Desalination, 93 (1993) 43–56.
  2. M.A. Darwish, F.M. Al Awadhi, M.Y. Abdul Raheem, The MSF: enough is enough, Desal. Wat. Treat., 22 (2010) 193–203.
  3. M.A. Darwish, Thermal desalination in GCC and possible development, Desal. Wat. Treat., 52 (2014) 27–47.
  4. O.A. Hamed, G.M. Mustafa, K. BaMardouf, H. Al-Washmi, Prospects of Improving Energy Consumption of The Mult- Stage Flash Distillation Process, Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Workshop on Water Conservation in the Kingdom, Dhahran 23–25, April, 2001.
  5. J.F. Thye, Desalination: Can It Be Greenhouse Gas Free and Cost Competitive?, Report of MEM Masters Project, Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Haven, CT, USA, 9 May 2010.
  6. I.S. Al-Mutaz, A.M. Al-Namlah, Characteristics of dual purpose MSF desalination plants, Desalination, 166 (2004) 287–294.
  7. I.S. Al–Mutaz, A.M. Al-Namlah, Optimization of Operating Parameters of MSF Desalination Plants, IDA World Congress on Desalination and Water, Singapore, September 11–16, 2005.
  8. I.S. Al-Mutaz, The continued challenge of capacity building in desalination, Desalination, 141 (2001) 45–156.
  9. H.L. Skillman J.P. McDonald, Jr., H.A. Stiff, Jr., A simple, accurate, fast method for calculating calcium sulfate solubility in oil field brine, Paper No. 906-14-I, Spring Meeting of the Southwestern District, Division of Production, American Petroleum Institute, Lubbock, Texas, 1969.
  10. W.F. Linke, A. Seidell, Solubilities of Inorganic and Metal- Organic Compounds, 4th ed., Van Nostrand-Reinhold, New York, 1965.
  11. S. Mussati, P. Aguirre, N. Scenna, Dual-purpose desalination plants. Part II. Optimal configuration, Desalination, 153 (2003) 185–189.
  12. C. Sommariva, R. Baorsani, M.I. Butt, A.H. Sultan, Reduction of power requirement for MSF desalination plants: the example of Al-Taweelah B, Desalination, 108 (1996) 37–42.
  13. O.A. Hamed, M. AK. Al-Sofi, G.M. Mustafa, K. Bamardouf, H. Al Washmi, Overview of Design Features and Performance Characteristics of Major Saline Water Conversion Corporation (SWCC) MSF Plants, WSTA 5th Gulf Water Conference, Doha, Qatar, March 24–28, 2001.
  14. H.M. Ettouney, H. El-Dessouky, Fundamentals of Salt Water Desalination, Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, 2002.
  15. A.M. Helal, A. Al-Jafri, A. Al-Yafeai, Enhancement of existing MSF plant productivity through design modification and change of operating conditions, Desalination, 307 (2012) 76–86.
  16. A.M.K. El-Ghonemy, Performance Test of a Sea Water Multi- Stage flash Distillation Plant: Case study, Alex. Eng. J., 57 (2018) 2401–2413.
  17. A.M. Helal, Once-through and brine recirculation MSF designs a comparative study, Desalination, 171 (2004) 33–60.
  18. R. Rautenbach, S. Schafer, Future Concepts for Super Large MSF Distillers, Presented at WED, UAE, 1997.
  19. A.M. Mahmoud, Y. Kim, R. Ben Mansour, A. Al-Aithan, Y. Lee, S. Ahmed, H. Varshney, H. Chung, K Bamardouf, O.A. Hamed, A. Al-Ghamdi, F.A. Abu Derman, Experimental analysis and techno-economic study of once through long tube MSF desalination plants, Desal. Wat. Treat., 73 (2017) 137–144.
  20. C. Sommariva, L. Awerbuch, Improving Efficiencies in Thermal Desalination Systems: The Layyah Plant Experience, IDA International Water Forum-Innovation and Integration- Impact on Desalination and Water Reuse Costs, Grand Hyatt Convention Centre, Dubai, UAE, March 5–6, 2006.
  21. F. Alt, MSF - Systems Optimized for High Fuel Efficiency, The IDA World Congress on Desalination and Water Reuse, Tianjin, China, Oct 20–25, 2013.
  22. F. Alt, Energy Saving With The Use of A TVC in A MSF-Plant, IDA World Congress 2017, São Paulo, Brazil, October 15–20, 2017.
  23. L. Jiping, S. Shufeng, W. Jinhua L. Junjie, Improvement of a multi-stage flash seawater desalination, Desalination, 217 (2007) 191–202.
  24. M.A. Al-Weshahi, G. Tian, A. Anderson, Performance enhancement of MSF desalination by recovering stage heat from distillate water using internal heat exchanger, Energy Procedia, 61 (2014) 381–384.
  25. C. Barbe, N. Roudet, N. Pitt, Replacement of aging multi stage flash distillation units by a combination of MED and SWRO systems: feasibility study, IDA World Congress 2017, São Paulo, Brazil, October 15–20, 2017.
  26. A. Torzewski, J. Müller, Is the multi stage flash evaporator obsolescent?, EDS Conference, Baden-Baden, May 17–20, 2009.
  27. K.Z. Al-Subaie, Internal Analysis of Construction of Multistage Flash Unit and Rooms of Improvements, IDA World Congress 2007, Maspalomas, Oct 21–26, 2007.
  28. F.A. Marchena, D.R. Maria, B.A. Uytiepo, Plant Experience on New Antiscalant Technology for MSF Plants, IDA World Congress 2007, Maspalomas, Oct 21–26, 2007.
  29. B. Kang, Y. Lee, I. Cho, O. Kwoun, Reduction in MSF Evaporator Manufacturing Lead Time (from 7 months to 4 months), IDA World Congress 2007, Maspalomas, Oct 21–26, 2007.
  30. C. Hanshik, H. Jeong, K. Woon Jeong, S. Choi, Improved productivity of the MSF (multi-stage flashing) desalination plant by increasing the TBT (top brine temperature), Energy, 107 (2016) 683–692.
  31. V.G. Gude, Exergy evaluation of desalination processes, Chem. Eng., 2 (2018) 28.
  32. M.W. Shahzad, M. Burhan, H.S. Son, S.J. Oh, K.C. Ng, Desalination processes evaluation at common platform: a universal performance ratio (UPR) method, Appl. Thermal Eng., 134 (2018) 62–67.