References

  1. WEF, CERA, Thirsty Energy: Water and Energy in the 21st Century, World Economic Forum and Cambridge Energy Research Associates, Geneva, 2008.
  2. S.A. Kalogirou, Seawater desalination using renewable energy sources, Prog. Energy Combust., 31 (2005) 242–281.
  3. M. Mannan, M. Alhaj, A.N. Mabrouk, S.G. Al-Ghamdi, Examining the life-cycle environmental impacts of desalination: a case study in the State of Qatar, Desalination, 452 (2019) 238–246.
  4. AGENCY IAE, Optimization of the Coupling of Nuclear Reactors and Desalination Systems, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 2005.
  5. B.M. Misra, J. Kupitz, The role of nuclear desalination in meeting the potable water needs in water-scarce areas in the next decades, Desalination, 166 (2004) 1–9.
  6. S.U.D. Khan, S.U.D. Khan, S.N. Danish, J. Orfi, U.A. Rana, S. Haider, In: V.G. Gude, Ed., Renewable Energy Powered Desalination Handbook, Butterworth-Heinemann, London, United Kingdom, 2018, pp. 225–264.
  7. Energy, Electricity and Nuclear Power Estimates for the Period up to 2050, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 2018.
  8. A. Rezaei, A. Naserbeagi, Gh. Alahyarizadeh, M. Aghaie, Economic evaluation of Qeshm island MED-desalination plant coupling with different energy sources including fossils and nuclear power plants, Desalination, 422 (2017) 101–112.
  9. A.A. Othman, N.N. Darwish, M. Qasim, M. Tawalbeh, N.A. Darwish, N. Hilal, Nuclear desalination: a state-of-the-art review, Desalination, 457 (2019) 39–61.
  10. AGENCY IAE, Economics of Nuclear Desalination: New Developments and Site-Specific Studies, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 2007.
  11. J.H. Lienhard, G.P. Thiel, D.M. Warsinger, L.D. Banchik, Eds., Low Carbon Desalination: Status and Research, Development, and Demonstration Needs, Report of a Workshop Conducted at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Association with the Global Clean Water Desalination Alliance, MIT Abdul Latif Jameel World Water and Food Security Lab, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 2016.
  12. A.P. Avrin, G. He, D.M. Kammen, Assessing the impacts of nuclear desalination and geoengineering to address China’s water shortages, Desalination, 360 (2015) 1–7.
  13. M.W. Shahzad, M. Burhan, K. Choon, Pushing desalination recovery to the maximum limit: membrane and thermal processes integration, Desalination, 416 (2017) 54–64.
  14. S. Wu, Z. Zhang, An approach to improve the economy of desalination plants with a nuclear heating reactor by coupling with hybrid technologies, Desalination, 155 (2003) 179–185.
  15. I.S.A. Mutaz, Coupling of a nuclear reactor to hybrid RO-MSF desalination plant, Desalination, 157 (2003) 259–268.
  16. H. Hidayatullah, S. Susyadi, M. Hadid Subki, Design and technology development for small modular reactors – safety expectations, prospects and impediments of their deployment, Prog. Nucl. Energy, 79 (2015) 127–135.
  17. A. Zahid, A. Ghafoora, A. Munirb, M. Ahmada, A. Nasirc, S.A. Ahmad, Solar desalination of water using evaporation condensation and heat recovery method, Desal. Water Treat., 68 (2017) 80–90.
  18. G. Xenarios, P. Papadopoulos, E. Tzen, Wind desalination for the Island of Mykonos in Greece: a case study, Desal. Water Treat., 51/4–6 (2013) 1219–1228.
  19. M.A. Abdelkareem, M.E.H. Assad, E.T. Sayed, B. Soudan, Recent progress in the use of renewable energy sources to power water desalination plants, Desalination, 435 (2018) 97–113.
  20. S. Suman, Hybrid nuclear-renewable energy systems: a review, J. Cleaner Prod., 181 (2018) 166–177.
  21. M. Emami, G.H. Jalali Ghajar, N. Kaynia, State of desalination projects in Iran, Desalination, 23 (1977) 465–470.
  22. M. Edalat, J. Entessari, H. Hamidi, The Bushehr 200,000 m3/d desalination plant, Desalination, 26 (1978) 127–140.
  23. S. Gorjian, B. Ghobadian, Solar desalination: a sustainable solution to water crisis in Iran, Renewable Sustainable Energy, 48 (2015) 571–584.
  24. N. Aghajani, F. Momeni, G. Boboevich, Exploring the effects of water sector investment in economic development in Iran, Procedia Soc. Behav. Sci., 131 (2014) 396–405.
  25. A. Mostafaeipour, M. Qolipour, M. Rezaei, E. Babaee-Tirkolaee, Investigation of off-grid photovoltaic systems for a reverse osmosis desalination system: a case study, Desalination, 454 (2019) 91–103.
  26. R.K. Kamali, S. Mohebinia, Experience of design and optimization of multi-effects desalination systems in Iran, Desalination, 222 (2008) 639–645.
  27. Agency IAE, Status of Nuclear Desalination in IAEA Member States, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 2007.
  28. Agency IAE, Thermodynamic and Economic Evaluation of Co-production Plants for Electricity and Potable Water, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1992.
  29. S. Wu, W. Zheng, Coupling of nuclear heating reactor with desalination process, Desalination, 142 (2002) 187–193.
  30. S. Wu, Z. Zhang, An approach to improve the economy of desalination plants with a nuclear heating reactor by coupling with hybrid technologies, Desalination, 155 (2003) 179–185.
  31. V. Belessiotis, E. Papanicolaou, E. Delyannis, Nuclear desalination: a review on past and present, Desal. Water Treat., 20 (2010) 45–50.
  32. Agency IAE, New Technologies for Seawater Desalination Using Nuclear Energy, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 2015.
  33. I.A. Mutaz, Hybrid RO-MSF: a practical option for nuclear desalination, Int. J. Nucl. Desalin., 1 (2003) 1–10.
  34. B.M. Misra, Seawater desalination using nuclear heat/electricity - prospects and challenges, Desalination, 205 (2007) 269–278.
  35. N. Bouzguenda, S. Nisan, M. Albouy, Financing of an integrated nuclear desalination system in developing countries, Desalination, 205 (2007) 317–331.
  36. M. Megahed, Feasibility of nuclear power and desalination on El-Dabaa site, Desalination, 246 (2009) 238–256.
  37. N.Y. Mansouri, A.F. Ghoniem, Does nuclear desalination make sense for Saudi Arabia?, Desalination, 406 (2017) 37–43.
  38. S. Khan, S. Khan, S. Haider, A. El-Leathy, U.A. Rana, S.N. Danish, R. Ullah, Development and techno-economic analysis of small modular nuclear reactor and desalination system across Middle East and North Africa region, Desalination, 406 (2017) 51–59.
  39. S.U.D. Khan, S.U.D. Khan, Karachi nuclear power plant (KANUPP): a case study for techno-economic assessment of nuclear power coupled with water desalination, Energy, 127 (2017) 372–380.
  40. Y.H. Yung, Y.H. Jeong, J. Choi, F.A. Wibisono, J.I. Lee, H.C. No, Feasibility study of a small-sized nuclear heat-only plant dedicated to desalination in the UAE, Desalination, 337 (2014) 83–97.
  41. S. Manju, N. Sagar, Renewable energy integrated desalination: a sustainable solution to overcome future fresh-water scarcity in India, Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev., 73 (2017) 594–609.
  42. D. Mentis, G. Karalis, A. Zervos, M. Howells, C. Taliotis, M. Bazilian, H. Rogner, Desalination using renewable energy sources on the arid islands of South Aegean Sea, Energy, 94 (2016) 262–272.
  43. T. Novosel, B. Ćosić, T. Pukšec, G. Krajačić, N. Duić, B.V. Mathiesen, H. Lund, M. Mustafa, Integration of renewables and reverse osmosis desalination–case study for the Jordanian energy system with a high share of wind and photovoltaics, Energy, 92 (2015) 270–278.
  44. V.G. Gude, Desalination and sustainability–an appraisal and current perspective, Water Res., 89 (2016) 87–106.
  45. U. Caldera, D. Bogdanov, S. Afanasyeva, C. Breyer, Role of seawater desalination in the management of an integrated water and 100% renewable energy based power sector in Saudi Arabia, Water, 10 (2018) 3.
  46. K. Madani, Iran’s Water Crisis; Inducers, Challenges, and Counter-measures, ERSA 45th Congress of the European Regional Science Association, Vrije University, Amsterdam Netherlands, 2005.
  47. K. Madani, Water management in Iran: what is causing the looming crisis?, J. Environ. Stud. Sci., 4 (2014) 315–328.
  48. H. Kashfi, Water Desalination Set for Massive Growth in Iran, Financial Tribune, (October 2018), Available at: https://financialtribune.com/articles/energy/94231/waterdesalination- set-for-massive-growth-in-iran
  49. Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Outlook, 2016.
  50. E. Fallahi, Iran Electricity Issue: Should we Expect Blackouts Again?, Tehran Times, 2018, Available at: https://www. tehrantimes.com/news/436178/Iran-electricity-issue-shouldwe- expect blackouts-again
  51. A. Mohammadipour, Energy strategic planning in Iran within the framework of sustainable development by using SWOT Technique, Int. J. Econ. Manage. Sci., 7 (2018) 537.
  52. A. Heidari, Scenario planning of electricity supply system: case of Iran, J. Sci. Technol. Policy Manage., 8 (2017) 299–330.
  53. A. Muniz, S. Skehan, Disposal of concentrate from brackish water desalting plants by use of deep injection wells, Desalination, 78 (1990) 41–47.
  54. A. Giwa, V. Dufour, F.A. Marzooqi, M. A. Kaabi, S.W. Hasan, Brine management methods: recent innovations and current status, Desalination, 407 (2017) 1–23.
  55. International Atomic Energy Agency, Environmental Impact Assessment of Nuclear Desalination, IAEA-TECDOC-1642, Vienna, 2010.
  56. CHAPTER 11-Recycling and Waste Handling for Spent Nuclear Fuel, in: G.J. Suppes, T.S. Storvick, Eds., Sustainable Nuclear Power, Academic Press, Burlington, 2007, pp. 283–317.
  57. M.M. Megahed, Nuclear desalination: history and prospects, Desalination, 135 (2001) 169–185.
  58. A. Maciver, S. Hinge, B.J. Andersen, J.B. Nielsen, New trend in desalination for Japanese nuclear power plants, based on multiple effect distillation, with vertical titanium plate falling film heat transfer configuration, Desalination, 182 (2005) 221–228.
  59. C. Luo, D. Wu, Environment and economic risk: an analysis of carbon emission market and portfolio management, Environ. Res., 149 (2016) 297–301.
  60. D.Y.C. Leung, G. Caramanna, M.M. Maroto-Valer, An overview of current status of carbon dioxide capture and storage technologies, Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev., 39 (2014) 426–443.
  61. M.R.M. Daneshvar, M. Ebrahimi, H. Nejadsoleymani, An overview of climate change in Iran: facts and statistics, Environ. Syst. Res., 8 (2019) 7.
  62. T.A. Boden, G. Marland, R.J. Andres, Global, Regional, and National Fossil-Fuel CO2 Emissions, Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, Tenn. U.S.A, 2017.
  63. M. Mirzaei, M. Bekri, Energy consumption and CO2 emissions in Iran, 2025, Environ. Res., 154 (2017) 345–351.
  64. CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion–Highlights, International Energy Agency, Paris, France, 2018.
  65. I. Al-Mutaz, Environmental impact of seawater desalination plants, Environ. Monit. Assess., 16 (1991) 75–84.
  66. IAEA, Country Nuclear Power Profiles, Islamic Republic of Iran, Updated 2019.
  67. Introduction to Nuclear Desalination: A Guidebook, Technical Report Series Number 400, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 2000.
  68. Fundamental Safety Principles, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 2006.
  69. S. Dardour, S. Nisan, F. Charbit, Utilization of Waste Heat from the GT-MHR and the PBMR for Seawater Desalination, European Desalination Society, EUROMED 2006 Conference, Montpellier, France, 2006.
  70. F.S. Pinto, R.C. Marques, Desalination projects economic feasibility: a standardization of cost determinants, Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev., 78 (2017) 904–915.
  71. D. González, J. Amigo, F. Suárez, Membrane distillation: perspectives for sustainable and improved desalination, Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev., 80 (2017) 238–259.
  72. Y. Bouaichaoui, A Belkaid, S.A. Amzert, Economic and safety aspects in nuclear seawater desalination, Procedia Eng., 33 (2012) 146–154.
  73. M.F. Polat, I. Dincer, Chapter 2.21-Comparative Evaluation of Possible Desalination Options for Akkuyu Nuclear Power Plant, In: I. Dincer, C.O. Colpan, O. Kizilkan, Eds., Exergetic, Energetic and Environmental Dimensions, Academic Press, London, United Kingdom, 2018, pp. 583–596.
  74. K.C. Kavvadias, I. Khamis, The IAEA DEEP desalination economic model: a critical review, Desalination, 257 (2010) 150–157.
  75. Trading Economics: Interest Rate in Iran, Central Bank of Iran, 2019. Available at: https://tradingeconomics.com/iran/ interest-rate
  76. World Bank Group, White Paper on Cost of Desalination for Domestic Water Supply in the Mena Region, Prepared by Water Globe Consultants, 2016.
  77. K.C. Kavvadias, I. Khamis, Sensitivity analysis and probabilistic assessment of seawater desalination costs fueled by nuclear and fossil fuel, Energy Policy, 74 (2014) 24–30.