References
- B. van Limpt, A. van der Wal, Water and chemical savings in
cooling towers by using membrane capacitive deionization,
Desalination, 342 (2014) 148–155.
- V.M. Correia, T. Stephenson, S.J. Judd, Characterisation of textile
wastewaters - a review, Environ. Technol., 15 (1994) 917–929.
- B. Islam, A. Musa, E. Ibrahim, A. Salma, M. Babiker, Evaluation
and characterization of tannery wastewater, J. For. Prod. Ind.,
3 (2014) 141–150.
- B.S. Shete, N. Shinkar, Dairy industry wastewater sources,
characteristics and its effects on environment, Int. J. Curr. Eng.
Technol., 3 (2013) 1611–1615.
- D.J. Flynn, The Nalco Water Handbook, McGraw-Hill, New
York, 2009.
- C.L. Stratton, G.F. Lee, Cooling towers and water quality,
J. Water Pollut. Control Fed., 47 (1975) 1901–1912.
- H. Yan, L. Liu, F. Yang, D. Takaoka, C. Wang, Operational
optimization of air conditioning cooling water system with UF–RO desalination, Desalination, 251 (2010) 53–57.
- R.R. Cavano, Developing cooling water treatments, Anal. Fall,
15 (2008) 27–40.
- S. Hägg Mameng, R. Pettersson, Localised Corrosion of
Stainless Steels Depending on Chlorine Dosage in Chlorinated
Water, in: EUROCORR 2011, 4–8 September 2011, Stockholm,
Sweden, 2011.
- T. Keister, Cooling Water Management Basic Principles and
Technology,
ProChemTech International, Inc., Pennsylvania, 2008.
- N.E. Koeman-Stein, R.J. Creusen, M. Zijlstra, C.K. Groot,
W.B. van den Broek, Membrane distillation of industrial cooling
tower blowdown water, Water Resour. Ind., 14 (2016) 11–17.
- X. Yu, H. Yang, H. Lei, A. Shapiro, Experimental evaluation on
concentrating cooling tower blowdown water by direct contact
membrane distillation, Desalination, 323 (2013) 134–141.
- J. Löwenberg, J.A. Baum, Y.-S. Zimmermann, C. Groot,
W. van den Broek, T. Wintgens, Comparison of pre-treatment
technologies towards improving reverse osmosis desalination
of cooling tower blowdown, Desalination, 357 (2015) 140–149.
- M.H.D.A. Farahani, S.M. Borghei, V. Vatanpour, Recovery of
cooling tower blowdown water for reuse: the investigation of
different types of pretreatment prior nanofiltration and reverse
osmosis, J. Water Process Eng., 10 (2016) 188–199.
- J. Zhang, H. Zeng, C. Ye, L. Chen, X. Yan, Pilot test of UF
pretreatment prior to RO for cooling tower blowdown reuse of
power plant, Desalination, 222 (2008) 9–16.
- H. Zeng, J. Zhang, C. Ye, Comparison of an ultrafiltration
membrane fed with raw seawater, coagulated seawater and
cooling tower blowdown, Desalination, 244 (2009) 199–207.
- J.M. Frick, L.A. Féris, I.C. Tessaro, Evaluation of pretreatments
for a blowdown stream to feed a filtration system with
discarded reverse osmosis membranes, Desalination, 341 (2014)
126–134.
- J. Zhang, L. Chen, H. Zeng, X. Yan, X. Song, H. Yang, C. Ye,
Pilot testing of outside-in MF and UF modules used for cooling
tower blowdown pretreatment of power plants, Desalination,
214 (2007) 287–298.
- F.-H. Wang, H.-T. Hao, R.-f. Sun, S.-y. Li, R.-m. Han, C. Papelis,
Y. Zhang, Bench-scale and pilot-scale evaluation of coagulation
pre-treatment for wastewater reused by reverse osmosis in a
petrochemical circulating cooling water system, Desalination,
335 (2014) 64–69.
- P. Chunxia, X. Lin, Treatment of effluent circulation cooling
water in refinery using nanofiltration (NF) membrane, Environ.
Prot. Chem. Ind., 4 (2012) 339–342.
- Dow-Water-and-Process-Solutions, Cooling Tower Blowdown
Reuse in Gaojing Power Plant, 2008. Available at: https://www.
lenntech.com/Data-sheets/Cooling-Tower-Blowdown-Reusein-
Gaojing-Power-Plant-L.pdf
- J. Qi, L. Ruirui, L. Fangyu, S. Yan, Optimization of membrane
method used for circulating water system in thermal power
plant, Ind. Saf. Environ. Prot., 40 (2014) 93–95.
- L. Wanbing, The application of UF and RO in the treatment of
the circulating cooling tower blowdown water, Guangdong
Chem. Ind., 14 (2014) 163–164.
- A. Sweity, Y. Oren, Z. Ronen, M. Herzberg, The influence
of antiscalants on biofouling of RO membranes in seawater
desalination, Water Res., 47 (2013) 3389–3398.
- A. Sweity, T.R. Zere, I. David, S. Bason, Y. Oren, Z. Ronen,
M. Herzberg, Side effects of antiscalants on biofouling of
reverse osmosis membranes in brackish water desalination,
J. Membr. Sci., 481 (2015) 172–187.
- C. Frayne, The selection and application of nonoxidizing
biocides for cooling water systems, Anal. (Spring), (2001) 1–10.
- Dow-Water-and-Process-Solutions, FILMTEC™ Reverse
Osmosis Membranes Technical Manual, 2011, pp. 609–00071.
Available at: http://msdssearch.dow.com/PublishedLiterature
DOWCOM/dh_08db/0901b803808db77d.pdf
- Hydranautics, Technical Service Bulletin: Biocides for
Disinfection and Storage of Hydranautics Membrane Elements,
2015, pp. 1–7.
- K. Majamaa, U. Bertheas, F. Finlayson, R. Levy, Preservation
of reverse osmosis membranes with non-oxidizing biocides–
comparison with SMBS, Water Sci. Technol. Water Supply,
11 (2011) 342–351.
- F.A. Megalopoulos, M.T. Ochsenkuehn-Petropoulou, Estimation
of the residual bromine concentration after disinfection of
cooling water by statistical evaluation, J. Environ. Sci. Health.,
Part A, 50 (2015) 144–150.
- M. Al-Bloushi, J. Saththasivam, S. Al-Sayeghc, S. Jeong, K.C. Ng,
G.L. Amy, T. Leiknes, Performance assessment of oxidants as
a biocide for biofouling control in industrial seawater cooling
towers, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 59 (2018) 127–133.
- D.H. Shin, N. Kim, Y.T. Lee, Modification to the polyamide
TFC RO membranes for improvement of chlorine-resistance,
J. Membr. Sci., 376 (2011) 302–311.
- R. Verbeke, V. Gómez, I.F. Vankelecom, Chlorine-resistance of
reverse osmosis (RO) polyamide membranes, Prog. Polym. Sci.,
72 (2017) 1–15.
- J.M. Gohil, A.K. Suresh, Chlorine attack on reverse osmosis
membranes: mechanisms and mitigation strategies, J. Membr.
Sci., 541 (2017) 108–126.
- L. Malaeb, G.M. Ayoub, Reverse osmosis technology for water
treatment: state of the art review, Desalination, 267 (2011) 1–8.
- D. Christophersen, Biodetergents for Cooling Water, Vandalia,
Ohio, 2006.
- R. Olariu, Treatment of Cooling Tower Blowdown Water,
The Effect of Biodispersant on the Ultrafiltration Membrane,
Department of Water Management, Faculty of Civil Engineering
and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Delft, 2015,
p. 104.
- N. Voutchkov, Desalination Engineering: Planning and Design,
McGraw Hill Professional, Maidenhead, England, 2012.
- S.P. Chesters, N. Pena, S. Gallego, M. Fazel, M.W. Armstrong,
F. del Vigo, Results from 99 seawater RO membrane autopsies,
IDA J. Desal. Water Reuse, 5 (2013) 40–47.
- A. Ruiz-García, N. Melián-Martel, V. Mena, Fouling
characterization of RO membranes after 11 years of operation
in a brackish water desalination plant, Desalination, 430 (2018)
180–185.
- M. Badruzzaman, N. Voutchkov, L. Weinrich, J.G. Jacangelo,
Selection of pretreatment technologies for seawater reverse
osmosis plants: a review, Desalination, 449 (2019) 78–91.
- MICRODYN-NADIR, Technical Service Guide: Assessing RO
and NF Feed Water Quality, Wiesbaden, Germany, 2017.
- J.D. Jacobson, M.D. Kennedy, G. Amy, J.C. Schippers, Phosphate
limitation in reverse osmosis: an option to control biofouling?,
Desal. Water Treat., 5 (2009) 198–206.
- J.S. Vrouwenvelder, F. Beyer, K. Dahmani, N. Hasan, G. Galjaard,
J.C. Kruithof, M.C.M. Van Loosdrecht, Phosphate limitation
to control biofouling, Water Res., 44 (2010) 3454–3466.
- Z. Ying, Application of complete membrane method water
treatment technology in the recovery use of circulating water
blowdown in thermal power plant, Electr. Equip., 8 (2006)
78–80.
- J.T. Bunce, E. Ndam, I.D. Ofiteru, A. Moore, D.W. Graham,
A review of phosphorus removal technologies and their
applicability to small-scale domestic wastewater treatment
systems, Front. Environ. Sci., 6 (2018) 1–15.
- A. Alhadidi, A.J.B. Kemperman, B. Blankert, J.C. Schippers,
M. Wessling, W.G.J. van der Meer, Silt density index and
modified fouling index relation, and effect of pressure, temperature
and membrane resistance, Desalination, 273 (2011) 48–56.
- S.G.S. Rodriguez, N. Sithole, N. Dhakal, M. Olive, J.C. Schippers,
M.D. Kennedy, Monitoring particulate fouling of North Sea
water with SDI and new ASTM MFI0. 45 test, Desalination,
454 (2019) 10–19.
- A. D4189-07, Standard Test Method for Silt Density Index
(SDI) of Water, ASTM International West Conshohocken,
PA, 2007.
- T.V. Wagner, J.R. Parsons, H.H.M. Rijnaarts, P. de Voogt, A.A.M.
Langenhoff, A review on the removal of conditioning chemicals
from cooling tower water in constructed wetlands, Crit. Rev.
Env. Sci. Technol., 48 (2018) 1094–1125.
- T.V. Wagner, J.R. Parsons, H.H. Rijnaarts, P. de Voogt,
A.A. Langenhoff, Benzotriazole removal mechanisms in pilotscale
constructed wetlands treating cooling tower water,
J. Hazard. Mater., 384 (2020) 121314.
- T.V. Wagner, R. Helmus, S. Quiton Tapia, H.H.M. Rijnaarts, P. de
Voogt, A.A.M. Langenhoff, J.R. Parsons, Non-target screening
reveals the mechanisms responsible for the antagonistic
inhibiting effect of the biocides DBNPA and glutaraldehyde on
benzoic acid biodegradation, J. Hazard. Mater., (2019) 121661.
- R.D. Letterman, C.T. Driscoll, Control of Residual Aluminum in
Filtered Water, AWWA, Denver, Colorado, 1994.
- C.J. Gabelich, T.I. Yun, B.M. Coffey, Effects of aluminum sulfate
and ferric chloride coagulant residuals on polyamide membrane
performance, Desalination, 150 (2002) 15–30.
- C.J. Gabelich, W.R. Chen, T.I. Yun, B.M. Coffey, The role
of dissolved aluminum in silica chemistry for membrane
processes, Desalination, 180 (2005) 307–319.
- C.J. Gabelich, K.P. Ishida, F.W. Gerringer, R. Evangelista,
M. Kalyan, Control of residual aluminum from conventional
treatment to improve reverse osmosis performance, Desalination,
190 (2006) 147–160.
- X. Sun, P. Wang, L. Li, Pretreatment techniques analysis for
circulating drainage water recovery in thermal power plant,
J. Electr. Power Sci. Technol., 25 (2010) 89–93.
- S.J. Altman, R.P. Jensen, M.A. Cappelle, A.L. Sanchez,
R.L. Everett, H.L. Anderson Jr, L.K. McGrath, Membrane
treatment of side-stream cooling tower water for reduction of
water usage, Desalination, 285 (2012) 177–183.
- M. Lakdawala, J. Lakdawala, Comparative study of effect of
PAC and GAC on the removal of COD contributing component
of sugar industry wastewater, Res. J. Recent Sci., 2277 (2013)
2502.
- J. Löwenberg, T. Wintgens, PAC/UF processes: current
application, potentials, bottlenecks, and fundamentals: a review,
Crit. Rev. Env. Sci. Technol., 47 (2017) 1783–1835.
- J. Löwenberg, A. Zenker, M. Baggenstos, G. Koch, C. Kazner,
T. Wintgens, Comparison of two PAC/UF processes for the
removal of micropollutants from wastewater treatment plant
effluent: process performance and removal efficiency, Water
Res., 56 (2014) 26–36.
- S. Jinpo, Y. Lianqing, M. Liping, T. Suli, Using super-filter film
to treat circulating cooling water drainage, Hebei Electr. Power,
23 (2004) 35–37.
- L.-q. Yin, X.-y. Guan, Application of continuous microfiltration
tubular membrane in power plant recycle cooling water
treatment, J. Filter Separator, 3 (2005) 33–35.
- Z. Wang, Z. Fan, L. Xie, S. Wang, Study of integrated membrane
systems for the treatment of wastewater from cooling towers,
Desalination, 191 (2006) 117–124.