References
- K.S. Hashim, A. Shaw, R. Al Khaddar, M.O. Pedrola, D. Phipps,
Defluoridation of drinking water using a new flow columnelectrocoagulation
reactor (FCER)-experimental, statistical, and
economic approach, J. Environ. Manage., 197 (2017) 80–88.
- K. Govindan, M. Raja, S.U. Maheshwari, M. Noel, Y. Oren,
Comparison and understanding of fluoride removal mechanism
in Ca2+, Mg2+ and Al3+ ion assisted electrocoagulation process
using Fe and Al electrodes, J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 3 (2015)
1784–1793.
- WHO, Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality: First Addendum
to Volume 1, Recommendations, World Health Organization,
Geneva, 2006.
- BIS, Indian Standards-Drinking Water Specifications, IS10500,
Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, 2012.
- K.K. Yadav, S. Kumar, Q.B. Pham, N. Gupta, S. Rezania,
H. Kamyab, S. Yadav, J. Vymazal, V. Kumar, D.Q. Tri,
A. Talaiekhozani, Fluoride contamination, health problems and
remediation methods in Asian groundwater: a comprehensive
review, Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., 182 (2019) 109362.
- S. Ali, Y. Fakhri, M. Golbini, S.K. Thakur, A. Alinejad, I. Parseh,
S. Shekhar, P. Bhattacharya, Concentration of fluoride in
groundwater of India: a systematic review, meta-analysis
and risk assessment, Groundwater Sustainable Dev., 9 (2019)
100224.
- A. Rasool, T. Xiao, Z.T. Baig, S. Masood, K.M. Mostofa,
M. Iqbal, Co-occurrence of arsenic and fluoride in the groundwater
of Punjab, Pakistan: source discrimination and health risk
assessment, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int., 22 (2015) 19729–19746.
- D. Chakraborti, M.M. Rahman, A. Chatterjee, D. Das, B. Das,
B. Nayak, A. Pal, U.K. Chowdhury, S. Ahmed, B.K. Biswas,
M.K. Sengupta, Fate of over 480 million inhabitants living in
arsenic and fluoride endemic Indian districts: magnitude,
health, socio-economic effects and mitigation approaches,
J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol., 38 (2016) 33–45.
- CGWB, Groundwater Year Book of Punjab and Chandigarh
(UT), Central Ground Water Board, Ministry of Water Resources
River Development and Ganga Rejuvination, Government of
India, 2016.
- M. Mourabet, A. El Rhilassi, H. El Boujaady, M. Bennani-Ziatni,
R. El Hamri, A. Taitai, Removal of fluoride from aqueous
solution by adsorption on hydroxyapatite (HAp) using response
surface methodology, J. Saudi Chem. Soc., 19 (2015) 603–615.
- Y. Yu, L. Yu, J.P. Chen, Adsorption of fluoride by Fe–Mg–La
triple-metal composite: adsorbent preparation, illustration
of performance and study of mechanisms, Chem. Eng. J.,
262 (2015) 839–846.
- F. Venditti, F. Cuomo, G. Giansalvo, M. Giustini, G. Cinelli,
F. Lopez, Fluorides decontamination by means of aluminum
polychloride based commercial coagulant, J. Water Process.
Eng., 26 (2018) 182–186.
- J. Shen, A.I. Schäfer, Factors affecting fluoride and natural
organic matter (NOM) removal from natural waters in
Tanzania by nanofiltration/reverse osmosis, Sci. Total Environ.,
527 (2015) 520–529.
- Y.X. Zhang, Y. Jia, Fluoride adsorption on manganese
carbonate: Ion-exchange based on the surface carbonate-like
groups and hydroxyl groups, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 510 (2018)
407–417.
- S.V. Jadhav, E. Bringas, G.D. Yadav, V.K. Rathod, I. Ortiz,
K.V. Marathe, Arsenic and fluoride contaminated groundwaters:
a review of current technologies for contaminants removal,
J. Environ. Manage., 162 (2015) 306–325.
- S. Aoudj, A. Khelifa, N. Drouiche, M. Hecini, Removal of
fluoride and turbidity from semiconductor industry wastewater
by combined coagulation and electroflotation, Desal. Water
Treat., 57 (2016) 18398–18405.
- M.A. Sandoval, R. Fuentes, J.L. Nava, O. Coreño, Y. Li,
J.H. Hernández, Simultaneous removal of fluoride and arsenic
from groundwater by electrocoagulation using a filter-press
flow reactor with a three-cell stack, Sep. Purif. Technol.,
208 (2019) 208–216.
- S. Khaldia, H. Lounicia, M. Drouichea, N. Drouichea, Treatment
of ointment pharmaceutical wastewater by electrocoagulation
process, Desal. Water Treat., 71 (2017) 152–158.
- V. Gilhotra, L. Das, A. Sharma, T.S. Kang, P. Singh, R.S. Dhuria,
M.S. Bhatti, Electrocoagulation technology for high strength
arsenic wastewater: process optimization and mechanistic
study, J. Cleaner Prod., 198 (2018) 693–703.
- T. Ouslimane, S. Aoudj, M. Amara, N. Drouiche, Removal
of copper and fluoride from mixed Cu-CMP and fluoridebearing
wastewaters by electrocoagulation, Int. J. Environ. Res.,
11 (2017) 677–684.
- F. Hussin, F. Abnisa, G. Issabayeva, M.K. Aroua, Removal
of lead by solar-photovoltaic electrocoagulation using novel
perforated zinc electrode, J. Cleaner Prod., 147 (2017) 206–216.
- M. Behbahani, M.A. Moghaddam, M. Arami, Technoeconomical
evaluation of fluoride removal by electrocoagulation
process: optimization through response surface methodology,
Desalination, 271 (2011) 209–218.
- A. Guzmán, J.L. Nava, O. Coreño, I. Rodríguez, S. Gutiérrez,
Arsenic and fluoride removal from groundwater by electrocoagulation
using a continuous filter-press reactor, Chemosphere,
144 (2016) 2113–2120.
- L.S. Thakur, P. Mondal, Simultaneous arsenic and
fluoride removal from synthetic and real groundwater by
electrocoagulation process: parametric and cost evaluation,
J. Environ. Manage., 190 (2017) 102–112.
- S. Aoudj, A. Khelifa, N. Drouiche, Removal of fluoride, SDS,
ammonia and turbidity from semiconductor wastewater by
combined electrocoagulation–electroflotation, Chemosphere,
180 (2017) 379–387.
- F. Belkessama, H. Lounicib, N. Drouichec, M. Aidenea,
R. Sonid, Removal of toxic metal Cr(VI) from aqueous
solutions by electrocoagulation using aluminum electrodes,
Desal. Water Treat., 86 (2017) 221–230.
- O. Sahu, B. Mazumdar, P.K. Chaudhari, Treatment of
wastewater by electrocoagulation: a review, Environ. Sci. Pollut.
Res., 21 (2014) 2397–2413.
- J.N. Hakizimana, B. Gourich, M. Chafi, Y. Stiriba, C. Vial,
P. Drogui, J. Naja, Electrocoagulation process in water
treatment: a review of electrocoagulation modeling approaches,
Desalination, 404 (2017) 1–21.
- M. Changmai, M. Pasawan, M.K. Purkait, A hybrid method for
the removal of fluoride from drinking water: parametric study
and cost estimation, Sep. Purif. Technol., 206 (2018) 140–148.
- A. Betancor-Abreu, V.F. Mena, S. González, S. Delgado,
R.M. Souto, J.J. Santana, Design and optimization of an
electrocoagulation reactor for fluoride remediation in underground
water sources for human consumption, J. Water Process.
Eng., 31 (2019) 100865.
- E. Sık, M. Kobya, E. Demirbas, E. Gengec, M.S. Oncel, Combined
effects of co-existing anions on the removal of arsenic from
groundwater by electrocoagulation process: optimization
through response surface methodology, J. Environ. Chem. Eng.,
5 (2017) 3792–3802.
- APHA, Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and
Wastewater, American Public Health Association, Washington,
DC, 2012.
- U.T. Un, A.S. Koparal, U.B. Ogutveren, Fluoride removal
from water and wastewater with a bach cylindrical electrode
using electrocoagulation, Chem. Eng. J., 223 (2013) 110–115.
- F. Shen, X. Chen, P. Gao, G. Chen, Electrochemical removal
of fluoride ions from industrial wastewater, Chem. Eng. Sci.,
58 (2003) 987–993.
- K.J. Kim, K. Baek, S. Ji, Y. Cheong, G. Yim, A. Jang, Study
on electrocoagulation parameters (current density, pH, and
electrode distance) for removal of fluoride from groundwater,
Environ. Earth Sci., 75 (2016) 45.
- S. Liu, X. Ye, K. He, Y. Chen, Y. Hu, Simultaneous removal
of Ni(II) and fluoride from a real flue gas desulfurization
wastewater by electrocoagulation using Fe/C/Al electrode,
J. Water Reuse Desal., 7 (2017) 288–297.
- G. Mouedhen, M. Feki, M.D.P. Wery, H.F. Ayedi, Behavior of
aluminum electrodes in electrocoagulation process, J. Hazard.
Mater., 150 (2008) 124–135.
- N.B. Grich, A. Attour, M.L.P. Mostefa, M. Tlili, F. Lapicque,
Fluoride removal from water by electrocoagulation with
aluminum electrodes: effect of the water quality, Desal. Water
Treat., 144 (2019) 145–155.
- N. Drouiche, B. Palahouane, S. Aoudj, M. Hecini,
O. Bouchelaghem, T. Ouslimane, Defluoridation of post treated
photovoltaic wastewater using aluminum electrodes: optimization
of operating parameters and sludge characteristics,
J. Solution Chem., 45 (2016) 1571–1579.
- A.L. Valdivieso, J.R. Bahena, S. Song, R.H. Urbina, Temperature
effect on the zeta potential and fluoride adsorption at the
α-Al2O3/aqueous solution interface, J. Colloid Interface Sci.,
298 (2006) 1–5.
- W. Yang, X. Dou, Y. Li, D. Mohan, C.U. Pittman, Y.S. Ok,
Performance and mass transfer of aqueous fluoride removal by
a magnetic alumina aerogel, RSC Adv., 6 (2016) 112988–112999.
- D. Ghosh, C.R. Medhi, M.K. Purkait, Treatment of fluoride
containing drinking water by electrocoagulation using
monopolar and bipolar electrode connections, Chemosphere,
73 (2008) 1393–1400.
- M. Rosales, O. Coreño, J.L. Nava, Removal of hydrated silica,
fluoride and arsenic from groundwater by electrocoagulation
using a continuous reactor with a twelve-cell stack,
Chemosphere, 211 (2018) 149–155.
- P. Huestis, C.I. Pearce, X. Zhang, K.M. Rosso, J.A. LaVerne,
Radiolytic stability of gibbsite and boehmite with adsorbed
water, J. Nucl. Mater., 501 (2018) 224–233.
- H.D. Ruan, R.L. Frost, J.T. Kloprogge, Comparison of Raman
spectra in characterizing gibbsite, bayerite, diaspore and
boehmite, J. Raman Spectrosc., 32 (2001) 745–750.
- R.R. Nazmutdinov, T.T Zinkicheva, S.Y. Vassiliev, D.V. Glukhov,
G.A Tsirlina, M. Probst, A spectroscopic and computational
study of Al(III) complexes in sodium cryolite melts: Ionic
composition in a wide range of cryolite ratios, Spectrochim.
Acta, Part A, 75 (2010) 1244–1252.
- S. Vasudevan, J. Lakshmi, G. Sozhan, Studies on a Mg–Al–Zn
alloy as an anode for the removal of fluoride from drinking
water in an electrocoagulation process, Clean Soil Air Water, 37
(2009) 372–378.