References

1. Y. Zhou, L. Zhang, Z. Cheng, Removal of organic pollutants from aqueous solution using agricultural wastes: a review, J. Mol. Liq., 212 (2015) 739–762.
2. Z. Shamsollahi, A. Partovinia, Recent advances on pollutants removal by rice husk as a bio-based adsorbent: a critical review, J. Environ. Manage., 246 (2019) 314–323.
3. S. Rangabhashiyam, S. Lata, P. Balasubramanian, Biosorption characteristics of methylene blue and malachite green from simulated wastewater onto Carica papaya wood biosorbent, Surf. Interfaces, 10 (2018) 197–215.
4. A.A. Adeyemo, I.O. Adeoye, O.S. Bello, Adsorption of dyes using different types of clay: a review, Appl. Water Sci., 7 (2017) 543–568.
5. J. Mo, Q. Yang, N. Zhang, W. Zhang, Y. Zheng, Z. Zhang, A review on agro-industrial waste (AIW) derived adsorbents for water and wastewater treatment, J. Environ. Manage., 227 (2018) 395–405.
6. B. Cojocariu, A.M. Mocanu, G. Nacu, L. Bulgariu, Possible utilization of PET waste as adsorbent for orange g dye removal from aqueous media, Desal. Water Treat., 104 (2018) 338–345.
7. Y.C. Lu, N. Priyantha, L.B.L. Lim, M. Suklueng, Toxic yellow cow dung powder (Auramine O dye) removal via Ipomoea aquatica waste, Desal. Water Treat., 181 (2020) 422–435.
8. N.B. Singh, G. Nagpal, S. Agrawal, Rachna, Water purification by using adsorbents: a review, Environ. Technol. Innovation, 11 (2018) 187–240.
9. G. Ravindiran, G.P. Ganapathy, J. Josephraj, A. Alagumalai, A critical insight into biomass derived biosorbent for bioremediation of dyes, ChemistrySelect, 4 (2019) 9762–9775.
10. Z.N. Garba, I. Lawan, W. Zhou, M. Zhang, L. Wang, Z. Yuan, Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) based materials as emerging adsorbents for the removal of dyes and heavy metals – a review, Sci. Total Environ., 717 (2019), doi: 10.1016/j. scitotenv.2019.135070.
11. H.N. Tran, H.C. Nguyen, S.H. Woo, T.V. Nguyen, S. Vigneswaran, A. Hosseini-Bandegharaei, J. Rinklebe, A. Kumar Sarmah, A. Ivanets, G.L. Dotto, T.T. Bui, R.S. Juang, H.P. Chao, Removal of various contaminants from water by renewable lignocellulose-derived biosorbents: a comprehensive and critical review, Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol., 49 (2019) 2155–2219.
12. L.B.L. Lim, N. Priyantha, X. Han, N. Afiqah, H. Mohamad, Enhancement of adsorption characteristics of Methyl violet 2B dye through NaOH treatment of Cucumis melo var. cantalupensis (rock melon) skin, Desal. Water Treat., 180 (2020) 336–348.
13. H. Shayesteh, A. Rahbar-Kelishami, R. Norouzbeigi, Evaluation of natural and cationic surfactant modified pumice for congo red removal in batch mode: kinetic, equilibrium, and thermodynamic studies, J. Mol. Liq., 221 (2016) 1–11.
14. M. Choudhary, R. Kumar, S. Neogi, Activated biochar derived from Opuntia ficus-indica for the efficient adsorption of malachite green dye, Cu+2 and Ni+2 from water, J. Hazard. Mater., 392 (2020), doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122441.
15. Q.U. Ain, H. Zhang, M. Yaseen, U. Rasheed, K. Liu, S. Subhan, Z. Tong, Facile fabrication of hydroxyapatite-magnetitebentonite composite for efficient adsorption of Pb(II), Cd(II), and crystal violet from aqueous solution, J. Cleaner Prod., 247 (2020), doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119088.
16. S.E. Karekar, K.A. Gondhalekar, D.K. Chandre, S.H. Sonawane, D. V. Pinjari, Acoustic cavitation assisted preparation of poly(acrylic acid)-halloysite nanoclay hydrogel for removal of Auramine O dye from effluent, Curr. Environ. Eng., 5 (2018) 47–57.
17. Y. Lu, N. Priyantha, L.B.L. Lim, Ipomoea aquatica roots as environmentally friendly and green adsorbent for efficient removal of Auramine O dye, Surf. Interfaces, 20 (2020), doi: 10.1016/j.surfin.2020.100543.
18. L.B.L. Lim, N. Priyantha, Y. Lu, N.A.H. Mohamad Zaidi, Adsorption of heavy metal lead using Citrus grandis (Pomelo) leaves as low-cost adsorbent, Desal. Water Treat., 166 (2019) 44–52.
19. S. Hussain, K.P. Anjali, S.T. Hassan, P.B. Dwivedi, Waste tea as a novel adsorbent: a review, Appl. Water Sci., 8 (2018), doi: 10.1007/s13201-018-0824-5.
20. Y. Tang, Y. Li, Y. Zhao, Q. Zhou, Y. Peng, Enhanced removal of methyl violet using NaOH-modified C. camphora leaves powder and its renewable adsorption, Desal. Water Treat., 98 (2017) 306–314.
21. M.R.R. Kooh, M.K. Dahri, L.B.L. Lim, Removal of methyl violet 2B dye from aqueous solution using Nepenthes rafflesiana pitcher and leaves, Appl. Water Sci., 7 (2017) 3859–3868.
22. N.A.H.M. Zaidi, L.B.L. Lim, A. Usman, M.R.R. Kooh, Efficient adsorption of malachite green dye using Artocarpus odoratissimus leaves with artificial neural network modelling, Desal. Water Treat., 101 (2018) 313–324.
23. A.G. Adeniyi, J.O. Ighalo, Biosorption of pollutants by plant leaves: an empirical review, J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 7 (2019), doi: 10.1016/J.JECE.2019.103100.
24. L. Bulgariu, L.B. Escudero, O.S. Bello, M. Iqbal, J. Nisar, K.A. Adegoke, F. Alakhras, M. Kornaros, I. Anastopoulos, The utilization of leaf-based adsorbents for dyes removal: a review, J. Mol. Liq., 276 (2019) 728–747.
25. A. Asheeba, L.B.L. Lim, C. Mei, N. Priyantha, Application of Dimocarpus longan ssp. malesianus leaves in the sequestration of toxic brilliant green dye, Desal. Water Treat., 189 (2020) 428–439.
26. M. Balabanova, L. Popova, R. Tchipeva, Dyes in dermatology, Disease-a-Month, 50 (2004) 270–279.
27. R. Docampo, S.N.J. Moreno, The metabolism and mode of action of gentian violet, Drug Metab. Rev., 22 (1990) 161–166.
28. N.A. Littlefield, B.N. Blackwell, C.C. Hewitt, D.W. Gaylor, Chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity studies of gentian violet in mice, Toxicol. Sci., 5 (1985) 902–912.
29. T. Zehra, N. Priyantha, L.B.L. Lim, Removal of crystal violet dye from aqueous solution using yeast-treated peat as adsorbent: thermodynamics, kinetics, and equilibrium studies, Environ. Earth Sci., 75 (2016), doi: 10.1007/s12665-016-5255-8.
30. Y. Lu, L.B.L. Lim, N. Priyantha, Chemical modification of pomelo leaves as a simple and effective way to enhance adsorption toward methyl violet dye, Desal. Water Treat., 197 (2020) 379–391.
31. D. Trache, M.H. Hussin, C.T. Hui Chuin, S. Sabar, M.R.N. Fazita, O.F.A. Taiwo, T.M. Hassan, M.K.M. Haafiz, Microcrystalline cellulose: isolation, characterization and bio-composites application—a review, Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 93 (2016) 789–804.
32. D. Schwantes, A.C. Gonçalves, G.F. Coelho, M.A. Campagnolo, D.C. Dragunski, C.R.T. Tarley, A.J. Miola, E.A.V. Leismann, Chemical modifications of cassava peel as adsorbent material for metals ions from wastewater, J. Chem., 2016 (2016), doi:10.1155/2016/3694174.
33. M.R.R. Kooh, L.B.L. Lim, L.H. Lim, J.M.R.S. Bandara, Batch adsorption studies on the removal of malachite green from water by chemically modified Azolla pinnata, Desal. Water Treat., 57 (2016) 14632–14646.
34. M.K. Dahri, M. Kooh, L. Lim, Casuarina equisetifolia cone as sustainable adsorbent for removal of Malachite green dye from aqueous solution using batch experiment method, Moroccan J. Chem., 6 (2018) 480–491.
35. A. Aichour, H. Zaghouane-Boudiaf, Highly brilliant green removal from wastewater by mesoporous adsorbents: kinetics, thermodynamics and equilibrium isotherm studies, Microchem. J., 146 (2019) 1255–1262.
36. S.K. Brar, N. Wangoo, R.K. Sharma, Enhanced and selective adsorption of cationic dyes using novel biocompatible selfassembled peptide fibrils, J. Environ. Manage., 255 (2020), doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109804.
37. L.B.L. Lim, N. Priyantha, S. Amanina, A. Latip, Y. Chen, A. Hanif, Converting Hylocereus undatus (white dragon fruit) peel waste into a useful potential adsorbent for the removal of toxic Congo red dye, Desal. Water Treat., 185 (2020) 307–317.
38. S. Lagergren, About the theory of so-called adsorption of soluble substances, K. Sven. Vetenskapsakad. Handl., 24 (1898) 1–39.
39. G. McKay, Y.S. Ho, Pseudo-second order model for sorption processes, Process Biochem., 34 (1999) 451–465.
40. P. Anurudda, N. Priyantha, L.B.L. Lim, Biosorption of heavy metal ions on peel of Artocarpus nobilis fruit: 2. Improvement of biosorption capacities of Ni(II) through different modifications, Desal. Water Treat., 185 (2020) 226–236.
41. R. Saadi, Z. Saadi, R. Fazaeli, N.E. Fard, Monolayer and multilayer adsorption isotherm models for sorption from aqueous media, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 32 (2015) 787–799.
42. E.I. Unuabonah, M.O. Omorogie, N.A. Oladoja, 5 - Modeling in Adsorption: Fundamentals and Applications, Composite Nanoadsorbents - Micro Nano Technol., (2019) 85–118. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-814132-8.00005-8.
43. I. Langmuir, The adsorption of gases on plane surfaces of glass, mica and platinum, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 40 (1918) 1361–1403.
44. H. Freundlich, Over the adsorption in the solution, J. Phys. Chem., 57 (1906) 385–470.
45. M.J. Temkin, V. Pyzhev, Kinetics of ammonia synthesis on promoted iron catalysts, Acta Physiochim., 12 (1940).
46. O. Redlich, D.L. Peterson, A useful adsorption isotherm, J. Phys. Chem., 63 (1959), doi: 0.1021/j150576a611.
47. R. Sips, Combined form of Langmuir and Freundlich equations, J. Phys. Chem., 16 (1948) 490–495.
48. N. Tzabar, H.J.M. ter Brake, Adsorption isotherms and Sips models of nitrogen, methane, ethane, and propane on commercial activated carbons and polyvinylidene chloride, Adsorption, 22 (2016) 901–914.
49. K.N.A. Putri, A. Keereerak, W. Chinpa, Novel cellulose-based biosorbent from lemongrass leaf combined with cellulose acetate for adsorption of crystal violet, Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 156 (2020) 762–772.
50. L.B.L. Lim, N. Priyantha, H.H. Cheng, N.A.H. Mohamad Zaidi, Adsorption characteristics of Artocarpus odoratissimus leaf toward removal of toxic Crystal violet dye: isotherm, thermodynamics and regeneration studies, J. Environ. Biotechnol., 4 (2016) 32–40.
51. G. Alsenani, Studies on adsorption of crystal violet dye from aqueous solution onto calligonum comosum leaf powder (CCLP), J. Am. Sci., 9 (2013) 30–35.
52. A. Bajpai, A. Jain, Equilibrium and thermodynamic studies for adsorption of crystal violet onto spent tea leaves (STL), Water J., 4 (2012) 52–71.
53. S. Neupane, S.T. Ramesh, R. Gandhimathi, P. V. Nidheesh, Pineapple leaf (Ananas comosus) powder as a biosorbent for the removal of crystal violet from aqueous solution, Desal. Water Treat., 54 (2015) 2041–2054.
54. H. Ali, S.K. Muhammad, Biosorption of crystal violet from water on leaf biomass of Calotropis procera, J. Environ. Sci. Technol., 1 (2008) 143–150.
55. P. Jamdade, S. Ubale, Adsorptive removal of Crystal Violet from aqueous solution by Kokum (Garcinia indica) leaf powder: equilibrium and thermodynamic studies, J. Emerg. Technol. Innovation Res., 6 (2019) 1436–1439.
56. M. Sulyman, J. Namiesnik, A. Gierak, Utilization of new activated carbon derived from Oak leaves for removal of crystal violet from aqueous solution, Pol. J. Environ. Stud., 23 (2014) 2223–2232.
57. P. Das Saha, S. Chakraborty, S. Chowdhury, Batch and continuous (fixed-bed column) biosorption of crystal violet by Artocarpus heterophyllus (jackfruit) leaf powder, Colloids Surf., B, 92 (2012) 262–270.
58. M.K. Dahri, M.R.R. Kooh, L.B.L. Lim, Artocarpus odoratissimus (Tarap) core as an adsorbent for the removal of crystal violet dye from aqueous solution, J. Mater. Environ. Sci., 8 (2017) 3706–3717.
59. L.B.L. Lim, N. Priyantha, N.H.M. Mansor, Artocarpus altilis (breadfruit) skin as a potential low-cost biosorbent for the removal of crystal violet dye: equilibrium, thermodynamics and kinetics studies, Environ. Earth Sci., 73 (2015) 3239–3247.
60. N.A.H.M. Zaidi, L.B.L. Lim, A. Usman, Artocarpus odoratissimus leaf-based cellulose as adsorbent for removal of methyl violet and crystal violet dyes from aqueous solution, Cellulose, 25 (2018) 3037–3049.
61. F.A. Pavan, E.S. Camacho, E.C. Lima, G.L. Dotto, V.T.A. Branco, S.L.P. Dias, Formosa papaya seed powder (FPSP): preparation, characterization and application as an alternative adsorbent for the removal of crystal violet from aqueous phase, J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 2 (2014) 230–238.
62. L.B.L. Lim, N. Priyantha, J. Mek, A. Hazirah, M. Zaidi, N.A.H.M. Zaidi, Potential use of Momordica charantia (bitter gourd) waste as a low-cost adsorbent to remove toxic crystal violet dye, Desal. Water Treat., 82 (2017) 121–130.
63. S. Shakoor, A. Nasar, Utilization of Cucumis sativus peel as an eco-friendly biosorbent for the confiscation of crystal violet dye from artificially contaminated wastewater, Anal. Chem. Lett., 9 (2019) 1–19.
64. L.B.L. Lim, N. Priyantha, H.H. Cheng, N. Afiqah, H. Mohamad, Parkia speciosa (Petai) pod as a potential low-cost adsorbent for the removal of toxic crystal violet dye, Sci. Bruneiana, 15 (2016) 99–106.
65. K.Z. Elwakeel, A.M. Elgarahy, G.A. Elshoubaky, S.H. Mohammad, Microwave assist sorption of crystal violet and Congo red dyes onto amphoteric sorbent based on upcycled Sepia shells, J. Environ. Health Sci. Eng., 18 (2020) 35–50.
66. H.I. Chieng, L.B.L. Lim, N. Priyantha, D.T.B. Tennakoon, Sorption characteristics of peat of Brunei Darussalam III: equilibrium and kinetics studies on adsorption of crystal violet (CV), Int. J. Earth Sci. Eng., 6 (2013) 791–801.
67. Y. Lin, X. He, G. Han, Q. Tian, W. Hu, Removal of Crystal Violet from aqueous solution using powdered mycelial biomass of Ceriporia lacerata P2, J. Environ. Sci., 23 (2011) 2055–2062.
68. G.O. El-Sayed, Removal of methylene blue and crystal violet from aqueous solutions by palm kernel fiber, Desalination, 272 (2011) 225–232.
69. M.R. Kulkarni, T. Revanth, A. Acharya, P. Bhat, Removal of Crystal Violet dye from aqueous solution using water hyacinth: equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamics study, Resour. Technol., 3 (2017) 71–77.
70. H.I. Chieng, L.B.L. Lim, N. Priyantha, Enhancement of crystal violet dye adsorption on Artocarpus camansi peel through sodium hydroxide treatment, Desal. Water Treat., 58 (2017) 320–331.
71. L.B.L. Lim, N. Priyantha, T. Zehra, C.W. Then, C.M. Chan, Adsorption of crystal violet dye from aqueous solution onto chemically treated Artocarpus odoratissimus skin: equilibrium, thermodynamics, and kinetics studies, Desal. Water Treat., 57 (2016) 10246–10260.
72. G. Sharma, A. Kumar, M. Naushad, A. García-Peñas, A.H. Al-Muhtaseb, A.A. Ghfar, V. Sharma, T. Ahamad, F.J. Stadler, Fabrication and characterization of Gum arabiccl- poly(acrylamide) nanohydrogel for effective adsorption of crystal violet dye, Carbohydr. Polym., 202 (2018) 444–453.
73. N.R.E. Radwan, M. Hagar, K. Chaieb, Adsorption of crystal violet dye on modified bentonites, Asian J. Chem., 28 (2016) 1643–1647.
74. H. Jayasantha Kumari, P. Krishnamoorthy, T.K. Arumugam, S. Radhakrishnan, D. Vasudevan, An efficient removal of crystal violet dye from waste water by adsorption onto TLAC/ Chitosan composite: a novel low cost adsorbent, Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 96 (2017) 324–333.
75. H. Wang, X. Lai, W. Zhao, Y. Chen, X. Yang, X. Meng, Y. Li, Efficient removal of crystal violet dye using EDTA/graphene oxide functionalized corncob: a novel low cost adsorbent, RSC Adv., 9 (2019) 21996–22003.
76. X. Yuan, F. Zhou, R. Man, J. Huang, Dendritic post-cross-linked resin for the adsorption of crystal violet from aqueous solution, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 130 (2019) 235–242.
77. A.A. Krasilin, D.P. Danilovich, E.B. Yudina, S. Bruyere, J. Ghanbaja, V.K. Ivanov, Crystal violet adsorption by oppositely twisted heat-treated halloysite and pecoraite nanoscrolls, Appl. Clay Sci., 173 (2019) 1–11.
78. A.H. AbdEl-Salam, H.A. Ewais, A.S. Basaleh, Silver nanoparticles immobilised on the activated carbon as efficient adsorbent for removal of crystal violet dye from aqueous solutions. A kinetic study, J. Mol. Liq., 248 (2017) 833–841.
79. G.V. Brião, S.L. Jahn, E.L. Foletto, G.L. Dotto, Adsorption of crystal violet dye onto a mesoporous ZSM-5 zeolite synthetized using chitin as template, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 508 (2017) 313–322.
80. V. Sabna, S.G. Thampi, S. Chandrakaran, Adsorption of crystal violet onto functionalised multi-walled carbon nanotubes: equilibrium and kinetic studies, Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., 134 (2016) 390–397.
81. N. Tahir, H.N. Bhatti, M. Iqbal, S. Noreen, Biopolymers composites with peanut hull waste biomass and application for Crystal Violet adsorption, Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 94 (2017) 210–220.