References

  1. K.A. Voss, J.S. Famiglietti, M. Lo, C.D. Linage, M. Rodell, S.C. Swenson, Groundwater depletion in the Middle East from GRACE with implications for transboundary water management in the Tigris Euphrates Western Iran region, Water Resour. Res., 49 (2013) 904–914.
  2. C. Barrow, Water Resources and Agricultural Development in the Tropics, Routledge, London, 2016.
  3. M.A. Watto, A.W. Mugera, Groundwater depletion in the Indus Plains of Pakistan: imperatives, repercussions and management issues, Int. J. River Basin Manage., 14 (2016) 447–458.
  4. V. Srinivasan, K.C. Seto, R. Emerson, S.M. Gorelick, The impact of urbanization on water vulnerability: a coupled human– environment system approach for Chennai, India, Global Environ. Change, 23 (2013) 229–239.
  5. N. Hanasaki, S. Fujimori, T. Yamamoto, S. Yoshikawa, Y. Masaki, Y. Hijioka, M. Kainuma, Y. Kanamori, T. Masui, K. Takahashi, S. Kanae, A global water scarcity assessment under shared socio-economic pathways--Part 2: water availability and scarcity, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., 17 (2013) 2393–2013.
  6. L.M. Mango, A.M. Melesse, M.E. McClain, D. Gann, S. Setegn, Land use and climate change impacts on the hydrology of the upper Mara River Basin, Kenya: results of a modeling study to support better resource management, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 15 (2011) 2245–2258.
  7. M. Shamsudduha, R.G. Taylor, K.M. Ahmed, A. Zahid, The impact of intensive groundwater abstraction on recharge to a shallow regional aquifer system: evidence from Bangladesh, Hydrogeol. J., 19 (2011) 901–916.
  8. W.A. Cheema, Adverse Effects of Poor Wastewater Management Practices on Ground Water Quality in Rawalpindi and Mitigation Strategies, 2007. Available at: http://citeseerx.ist.psu. edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.503.1097
  9. A.M. Muhammad, T. Zhonghua, Z. Sissou, B. Mohamadi, M. Ehsan, Analysis of geological structure and anthropological factors affecting arsenic distribution in the Lahore aquifer, Pakistan, Hydrogeol. J., 24 (2016) 1891–1904.
  10. A. Azizullah, M.N.K. Khattak, P. Richter, D.P. Häder, Water pollution in Pakistan and its impact on public health—a review, Environ. Int., 37 (2011) 479–497.
  11. S. Khan, T. Rana, H. Gabriel, M.K. Ullah, Hydrogeologic assessment of escalating groundwater exploitation in the Indus Basin, Pakistan, Hydrogeol. J., 16 (2008) 1635–1654.
  12. F.V. Steenbergen, A.B. Kaisarani, N.U. Khan, M.S. Gohar, A case of groundwater depletion in Balochistan, Pakistan: enter into the void, J. Hydrol.: Reg. Stud., 4 (2015) 36–47.
  13. S. Haydar, H. Haider, A. Bari, A. Faragh, Effect of Mehmood Booti dumping site in Lahore on ground water quality, Pak. J. Eng. Appl. Sci., 10 (2012) 51–56.
  14. M.A. Mahboob, I. Atif, J. Iqbal, Remote sensing and GIS applications for assessment of urban sprawl in Karachi, Pakistan, Sci. Technol. Dev., 34 (2015) 179–188.
  15. L. Cui, J. Shi, Urbanization and its environmental effects in Shanghai, China, Urban Clim., 2 (2012) 1–15.
  16. P.K. Srivastava, S. Mukherjee, M. Gupta, Impact of urbanization on land use/land cover change using remote sensing and GIS: a case study, Int. J. Ecol. Econ. Stat., 18 (2010) 106–117.
  17. A.M. Dewan, Y. Yamaguchi, Land use and land cover change in Greater Dhaka, Bangladesh: using remote sensing to promote sustainable urbanization, Appl. Geogr., 29 (2009) 390–401.
  18. S.Z. Shahraki, D. Sauri, P. Serra, S. Modugno, F. Seifolddini, A. Pourahmad, Urban sprawl pattern and land-use change detection in Yazd, Iran, Habitat Int., 35 (2011) 521–528.
  19. M.T. Sohail, Y. Mahfooz, K. Azam, Y. Yen, L. Genfu, S. Fahad, Impacts of urbanization and land cover dynamics on underground water in Islamabad, Pakistan, Desal. Water Treat., 159 (2019) 402–411.
  20. V. Markogianni, E. Dimitriou, Landuse, NDVI change analysis of Sperchios river basin (Greece) with different spatial resolution sensor data by Landsat/MSS/TM and OLI, Desal. Water Treat., 57 (2016) 29092–29103.
  21. D.A. Mengistu, A.T. Salami, Application of remote sensing and GIS in land use/land cover mapping and change detection in a part of south western Nigeria, Afr. J. Environ. Sci. Technol., 1 (2007) 99–109.
  22. A. Butt, R. Shabbir, S.S. Ahmad, N. Aziz, Land use change mapping and analysis using remote sensing and GIS: a case study of Simly watershed, Islamabad, Pakistan, Egypt. J. Remote Sens. Space Sci., 18 (2015) 251–259.
  23. Z. Hassan, R. Shabbir, S.S. Ahmad, A.H. Malik, N. Aziz, A. Butt, S. Erum, Dynamics of land use and land cover change (LULCC) using geospatial techniques: a case study of Islamabad Pakistan, SpringerPlus, 5 (2016) 1–11.
  24. K. Alam, N. Ahmad, Determination of aquifer geometry through geophysical methods: a case study from Quetta Valley, Pakistan, Acta Geophys., 62 (2014) 142–163.
  25. Federal Minister Railway, Federal Government of Pakistan Federal, Minstry of Railway, 2018. Available at: http://www. railways.gov.pk/
  26. N. Kakar, D.M. Kakar, A.S. Khan, S.D. Khan, Land subsidence caused by groundwater exploitation in Quetta Valley, Pakistan, Int. J. Econ. Environ. Geol., 7 (2019) 10–19.
  27. I. Hussain, Urbanization in Pakistan, Keynote Address Delivered at South Asia Cities Conference and Pakistan Urban Forum held at Karachi, Pakistan Vol. 9, On January 9, 2014. Available at: https://ishrathusain.iba.edu.pk/speeches/ new-2013-14/Urbanization_in_Pakistan.docx Urbanization in Pakistan.pdf.
  28. PBS, Pakistan Bureau of Statistics, 2017. Available at: http:// www.pbs.gov.pk/content/population-census
  29. PMD, Pakistan Meteorological Department, Government of Pakistan, 2018. Available at: http://www.pmd.gov.pk/
  30. A.L. Rao, S.H. Bangash, Z.K. Ali, M. Khan, M. Aijaz, Quetta Integrated District Development Report, 2011.
  31. M. Umar, A. Waseem, A.M. Kassi, M. Farooq, M.A. Sabir, Faridullah, Surface and subsurface water quality assessment in semi-arid region: a case study from Quetta and Sorange Intermontane Valleys, Pakistan, Global Nest J., 16 (2014) 938–954.
  32. M. Goldberg, S. Shlien, A four-dimensional histogram approach to the clustering of LANDSAT data, Can. J. Remote Sens., 2 (1976) 1–11.
  33. A.S. Khan, S.D. Khan, D.M. Kakar, Land subsidence and declining water resources in Quetta Valley, Pakistan, Environ. Earth Sci., 70 (2013) 2719–2727.
  34. R. Manandhar, I.O. Odeh, T. Ancev, Improving the accuracy of land use and land cover classification of Landsat data using post-classification enhancement, Remote Sens., 1 (2009) 330–344.
  35. N. Sadiq, M.S. Qureshi, Climatic variability and linear trend models for the five major cities of Pakistan, J. Geogr. Geol., 2 (2010) 83–92.
  36. P&D, UNICEF, G.O.B. Planning & Development Department Balochistan in Collboration with UNICEF Provincial Office Balochistan, District Quetta Development Report, 2011. Available at: http://www.ndma.gov.pk/Publications/ Development%20Profile%20District%20Quetta.pdf
  37. PESA, Pakistan Emergency Situation Analysis, District Quetta Report, 2015. Available at: https://reliefweb.int/report/pakistan/ pakistan-emergency-situation-analysis-district-quetta-april
  38. A.M. Muhammad, T. Zhonghua, A.S. Dawood, B. Earl, Evaluation of local groundwater vulnerability based on DRASTIC index method in Lahore, Pakistan, Geofís. Int., 54 (2015) 67–81.
  39. A. Malik, A. Kumar, R.P. Singh, Application of heuristic approaches for prediction of hydrological drought using multiscalar streamflow drought index, Water Resour. Manage., 33 (2019) 3985–4006.
  40. A.K. Ackzai, Z.A. Bazai, Phytoaccumulation of heavy metals in spinach (Spinacea oleraceac L.) irrigated with wastewater of Quetta City, J. Chem. Soc., 28 (2006) 613–616.
  41. O.S. Olokeogun, O.F. Lyiola, K. Lyiola, Application of remote sensing and GIS in land use/land cover mapping and change detection in Shasha forest reserve, Nigeria, Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., 8 (2014), doi: 10.5194/isprsarchives-XL-8-613-2014.