References
- S. Tanavade, S. Manic, A. Al-Khazraji, A. Charkaoui, Water
from Sun: An Energy Conservation Initiative for Smart Cities
3rd Smart Cities Symposium, University of Bahrain, 2020,
pp. 21–23.
- D.J. Nelson, J. Carbeck, Harvesting Clean Water from Air,
Public Health E-journal, 2017, pp. 1–28.
- N. Fleming, Water from air, New Sci., 243 (2019) 38–41.
- M. Ghassoul, Single axis automatic tracking system based
on PILOT scheme to control the solar panel to optimize solar
energy extraction, Energy Rep., 4 (2018) 1–7.
- F. Dimroth, World Record Solar Cell with 44.7% Efficiency,
Fraunhoher ISE, September 23, 2013, Press Release 22/13.
- M. Ghassoul, N. Al-Bastaki, S. Samsamuddin, Temporary stepwise
cyclic operation controlled by DCS to mitigate fouling in
RO water desalination, Desal. Water Treat., 168 (2019) 32–41.
- V. Singh, A. Das, C. Das, G. Pugazhenthi, M. Srinivas,
S. Senthilmurugan, Fouling and cleaning characteristics of
reverse osmosis (RO) membranes, J. Chem. Eng. Process
Technol., 6 (2015) 1–6.
- S.G. Ruiz, J.A.L. Ramírez, M.H. Zerrouk, J.M.Q. Alonso,
Optimization of the sequence of washing reverse osmosis
membranes used for seawater desalination, Chem. Biochem.
Eng. Q., 31 (2017) 21–31.
- Y.J. Tan, L.S. Sun, B.T. Li, X.H. Zhao, T. Yu, N. Ikuno, K. Ishii,
H. Hong-Ying, Fouling characteristics and fouling control
of reverse osmosis membranes for desalination of dyeing
wastewater with high chemical oxygen demand, Desalination,
419 (2017) 1–7.
- P. Li, X. Cheng, W. Zhou, C. Luo, F. Tan, Z. Ren, L. Zheng,
X. Zhu, D. Wu, Application of sodium percarbonate activated
with Fe(II) for mitigating ultrafiltration membrane fouling by
natural organic matter in drinking water treatment, J. Cleaner
Prod., 269 (2020) 1–11, doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122228.
- Z. Yin, T. Wen, Y. Li, A. Li, C. Long, Pre-ozonation for the
mitigation of reverse osmosis (RO) membrane fouling by
biopolymer: the roles of Ca2þ and Mg2þ, Water Res., 171 (2020)
1–12.
- L. Li, X. Wang, M. Xie, Z. Wang, X. Li, Y. Ren, In situ extracting
organic-bound calcium: a novel approach to mitigating
organic fouling in forward osmosis treating wastewater via
gradient diffusion thin-films, Water Res., 156 (2019) 102–109.
- M.J. Boorsma, S. Dost, S. Klinkhamer, J.C. Schippers, Monitoring
and controlling biofouling in an integrated membrane system,
Des. Water Treat., 31 (2011) 347–353.
- M. Qasim, N.N. Darwish, S. Mhiyo, N.A. Darwish, N. Hilal,
The use of ultrasound to mitigate membrane fouling in
desalination and water treatment, Desalination, 4431 (2018)
143–164.
- J.C. Lin, D.J. Lee, C. Huang, Membrane fouling mitigation:
membrane cleaning, Sep. Sci. Technol., 45 (2010) 858–872.
- P.S. Goh, W.J. Lau, M.H.D. Othman, A.F. Ismail, Membrane
fouling in desalination and its mitigation strategies,
Desalination, 425 (2018) 130–155.
- W.J. Lee, Z.C. Ng, S.K. Hubadillah, P.S. Goh, W.J. Lau,
M.H.D. Othman, A.F. Ismail, N. Hilal, Fouling mitigation in
forward osmosis and membrane distillation for desalination,
Desalination, 480 (2020) 1–23.
- I.J. Esfahani, M.J. Kim, C.H. Yun, C.K. Yoo, Proposed new
fouling monitoring indices for seawater reverse osmosis to
determine the membrane cleaning interval, J. Membr. Sci.,
442 (2013) 83–96.
- L.X. Gao, A. Rahardianto, H. Gu, P.D. Christofides,
Y. Cohen, Novel design and operational control of integrated
ultrafiltration — reverse osmosis system with RO concentrate
backwash, Desalination, 382 (2016) 43–52.
- R. Guha, B. Xiong, M. Geitner, T. Moore, T.K. Wooda,
D. Velegol, M. Kumar, Reactive micromixing eliminates
fouling and concentration polarization in reverse osmosis
membranes, J. Membr. Sci., 542 (2017) 8–17.
- A. Jiang, H. Wang, Y. Lin, W. Cheng, J. Wang, A study on
optimal schedule of membrane cleaning and replacement for
spiral-wound SWRO system, Desalination, 404 (2017) 259–269.
- S.C. Hargrove, H. Parthasarathy, S. Ilias, Flux enhancement in
cross-flow membrane filtration by flow reversal: a case study
on ultrafiltration of BSA, Sep. Sci. Technol., 38 (2003) 12–13.
- X. Xu, H. Zhang, T. Gao, Y. Wang, J. Teng, M. Lu, Customized
thin and loose cake layer to mitigate membrane fouling in
an electro-assisted anaerobic forward osmosis membrane
bioreactor (AnOMEBR), Sci. Total Environ., 729 (2020) 1–10.
- L.N. Sim, T.H. Chong, A.H. Taheri, S.T.V. Sim, L. Lai,
W.B. Krantz, A.G. Fane, A review of fouling indices and
monitoring techniques for osmosis, Desalination, 43415 (2018)
169–188.
- C. Li, X. Guo, X. Wang, S. Fan, O. Zhou, H. Shao, W. Hu, C. Li,
L. Tong, R.R. Kumar, J. Huang, Membrane fouling mitigation
by coupling applied electric field in membrane system:
configuration, mechanism and performance, Electrochim.
Acta, 287 (2018) 124–134.
- N. Al-Bastaki, A. Abbas, Use of fluid instabilities to enhance
membrane performance: a review, Desalination, 136 (2001)
255–262.
- M. Ghassoul, S. Samsamudin, Automating a reverse osmosis
process to improve its output yield, J. Eng. Appl., 8 (2020) 8–14.
- H.M. Rabia, A.A. Masaad, M.A. Saleh, Automation, Fouling
Prediction and Cleaning of a Small Scale RO, and Study of
Temperature Effect, Senior Project Report, supervised by
M. Ghassoul, Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering,
University of Bahrain, 2018.