References

1. B.S. Shankar, N. Balasubramanya, M.T. Maruthesha Reddy, Impact of industrialization on groundwater quality – a case study of Peenya industrial area, Bangalore, India, Environ. Monit. Assess., 142 (2008) 263–268.
2. M.K. Daud, M. Nafees, S. Ali, M. Rizwan, R.A. Bajwa, M.B. Shakoor, M.U. Arshad, S.A.S. Chatha, F. Deeba,
   W. Murad, I. Malook, S.J. Zhu, Drinking water quality status and contamination in Pakistan, BioMed Res. Int., 2017 (2017) 7908183, doi: 10.1155/2017/7908183.
3. B.O. Ekpo, U.J. Ibok, Temporal variation and distribution of trace metals in freshwater and fish from Calabar River, S.E. Nigeria, Environ. Geochem. Health, 21 (1999) 51–66.
4. D.V. Muley, D.M. Karanjkar, S.V. Maske, Impact of industrial effluents on the biochemical composition of fresh water fish Labeo rohita, J. Environ. Biol., 28 (2005) 245–249.
5. M. Kumar, K. Kumari, AL. Ramanathan, R. Saxena, A comparative evaluation of groundwater suitability for irrigation and drinking purposes in two intensively cultivated districts of Punjab, India, Environ. Geol., 53 (2007) 553–574.
6. T. Subramani, L. Elango, S.R. Damodarasamy, Groundwater quality and its suitability for drinking and agricultural use in Chithar River Basin, Tamil Nadu, India, Environ. Geol., 47 (2005) 1099–1110.
7. A. Rehman, F.R. Shakoori, A.R. Shakoori, Heavy metal resistant freshwater ciliate, Euplotes mutabilis, isolated from industrial effluents has potential to decontaminate wastewater of toxic metals, Bioresour. Technol., 99 (2008) 3890–3895.
8. A. Rashid, D.-X. Guan, A. Farooqi, S. Khan, S. Zahir, S. Jehan, S.A. Khattak, M.S. Khan, R. Khan, Fluoride prevalence in groundwater around a fluorite mining area in the flood plain of the River Swat, Pakistan, Sci. Total Environ., 635 (2018) 203–215.
9. I. Gaballah, G. Kilbertus, Recovery of heavy metal ions through decontamination of synthetic solutions and industrial effluents using modified barks, J. Geochem. Explor., 62 (1998) 241–286.
10. T.G. Kazi, M.B. Arain, J.A. Baig, M.K. Jamali, H.I. Afridi, N. Jalbani, R.A. Sarfraz, A.Q. Shah, A. Niaz, The correlation of arsenic levels in drinking water with the biological samples of skin disorders, Sci. Total Environ., 407 (2009) 1019–1026.
11. World Health Organization, “WHO (1972–1973) Technical Report,” Tech. Rep. Series No. 505, 532, Geneva, Switzerland.
12. M.A. Tahir, H. Rasheed, A. Malana, Method development for arsenic analysis by modification in spectrophotometric technique, Drink. Water Eng. Sci., 5 (2012) 1–8.
13. Walton W.C., Groundwater Resources Evaluation, McGraw-Hill, New York, 197, p. 185.
14. P.A. Domenico, F.W. Schwartz, Physical and Chemical Hydrogeology, Wiley, New York, 1990, p. 824.
15. W. Stumm, J.J. Morgan, Aquatic Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1981.
16. J.D. Hem, Study and Interpretation of the Chemical Characteristics of Natural Water, 2254, Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur, India, 1991, p. 263.
17. W.E. Kelley, Geoelectrical sounding for estimating hydraulic conductivity, Ground Water, 15 (1977) 420–425.
18. W.E. Kelly, R.K. Frohlich, Relation between aquifer electrical and hydraulic properties, Ground Water, 23 (1988) 182–189.
19. D.H. Griffiths, R.L. King, Applied Geophysics for Engineers and Geologists, Pergamun Press, London, 1965.
20. K. Thürmer, E. Williams, J. Reutt-Robey, Autocatalytic oxidation of lead crystallite surfaces, Science, 297 (2002) 2033–2035.
21. A.A.R. Zhody, G.P. Eaton, D.R. Mabey, Application of Surface Geophysics to Ground-Water Investigations, Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations of the United States Geological Survey, Book 2, 1974, p. 116.
22. G.P. Kruseman, Hydrogeology and Groundwater Resources of the North-West Frontier Province Pakistan,
    (8 2 2 P K.N 0 8 9), WAPDA Hydrogeology Directorate, Peshawar, 1988, p. 110.
23. U.B. Nisar, M.R. Khan, S. Khan, M. Farooq, M.R. Mughal, K.A. Ahmed, S.S. Razzaq, A. Niaz, Quaternary paleodepositional environments in relation to ground water occurrence in lesser Himalayan Region, Pakistan, J. Himalayan Earth Sci., 51 (2018) 99–112.
24. R. Chand, S. Chandra, V.A. Rao, V.S. Singh, S.C. Jain, Estimation of natural recharge and its dependency
    on sub-surface geoelectric parameters, J. Hydrol., 299 (2004) 67–83.
25. A. Apparao, A. Roy, K. Mallick, Resistivity model experiments, Geoexploration, 7 (1969) 45–54.
26. A. Apparao, A. Roy, Field results for direct-current resistivity profiling with two‐electrode array, Geoexploration, 11 (1973) 21–44.
27. IPI2WIN-1D Computer Programme, Programs Set for 1-D VES Data Interpretation, Department of Geophysics, Geological Faculty, Moscow University, Moscow, 2000.
28. Y. Mori, M. Yoshida, S.-i. Wada, Effect of soil characteristics and potassium application rate on the plant–absorbable potassium forms and transport mechanisms in soil, J. Fac. Agric., Kyushu Univ., 57 (2012) 485–488.
29. A. Gomez-Caminero, P. Howe, M. Hughes, E. Kenyon, D.R. Lewis, J. Ng. M. Moore, A. Aitio, G. Becking, IPCS “Environmental Health Criteria for Arsenic and Arsenic compounds”, EHC 224, Chapter 1: Summary, Section 2, 2001.
30. N. Amin, M. Ayaz, S. Alam, S. Gul, Heavy metals contamination through industrial effluent to irrigation water in Gadoon Amazai (Swabi) and Hayatabad (Peshawar) Pakistan, J. Sci. Res., 6 (2013) 111–124.
31. A. Shahab, S.H. Qi, M. Zaheer, A. Rashid, M.A. Talib, U. Ashraf, Hydrochemical characteristics and water quality assessment for drinking and agricultural purposes in District Jacobabad, Lower Indus Plain, Pakistan, Int. J. Agric. Biol. Eng., 11 (2018) 115–121.
32. C.-W. Chen, C.-F. Chen, C.-D. Dong, Distribution and accumulation of mercury in sediments of Kaohsiung River Mouth, Taiwan, APCBEE Procedia, 1 (2012) 153–158.
33. A. Rashid, S.A. Khattak, L. Ali, M. Zaib, S. Jehan, M. Ayub, S. Ullah, Geochemical profile and source identification of surface and groundwater pollution of District Chitral, Northern Pakistan, Microchem. J., 145 (2019) 1058–1065.
34. S.A. Khattak, A. Rashid, M. Tariq, L. Ali, X. Gao, M. Ayub, A. Javed, Potential risk and source distribution of groundwater contamination by mercury in District Swabi, Pakistan: application of multivariate study, Environ. Dev. Sustainability, 23 (2021) 2279–2297.
35. H.B. Mason, J.J. Lagowski, R.J. Tayler, Chemical Element, Encyclopedia Britannica, 21 Dec. 2018.
36. S. Balaji, T. Kalaivani, C. Rajasekaran, M. Shalini, S. Vinodhini, S. Sunitha Priyadharshini, A.G. Vidya, Removal of heavy metals from tannery effluents of Ambur industrial area, Tamilnadu by Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis, Environ. Monit. Assess., 187 (2015) 325, doi: 10.1007/s10661-015-4440-7.
37. P.I.A. Gomes, T. Asaeda, Phycoremediation of chromium(VI) by Nitella and impact of calcium encrustation,
    J. Hazard. Mater., 166 (2009) 1332–1338.
38. J.D. Riki, L. Robison, Z. Chen, T. Islamoglu, O.K. Farha, Zirconium metal–organic frameworks for organic pollutant adsorption, Trends Chem., 1 (2019) 304–317.
39. H.-F. Li, C. Gray, C. Mico, F.-J. Zhao, S.P. McGrath, Phytotoxicity and bioavailability of cobalt to plants in a range of soils, Chemosphere, 75 (2009) 979–986.
40. N. Rahmanian, B.A.S. Hajar, M. Homayoonfard, N.J. Ali, M. Rehan, Y. Sadef, A.S. Nizami, Analysis of physiochemical parameters to evaluate the drinking water quality in the State of Perak, Malaysia, J. Chem., 2015 (2015) 716125, doi: 10.1155/2015/716125.
41. A. Mishra, V.D. Bhatt, N. Sevak, P. Shah, K. Patel, C. Patel, Comparative study of physico-chemical and microbial parameters on lotic and ground-waters in selected outlying areas of Central Gujarat, J. Chem. Pharm., 2 (2010) 174–177.
42. P. Payment, J. Siemiatycki, L. Richardson, G. Renaud, E. Franco, M. Prevost, A prospective epidemiological study of gastrointestinal health effects due to the consumption of drinking water, Int. J. Environ. Health Res.,
    7 (1997) 5–31.
43. M.O. Edema, A.M. Omemu, O.M. Fapetu, Microbiology and physicochemical analysis of different sources of drinking water in Abeokuta Nigeria, Niger. J. Microbiol., 15 (2001) 57–61.
44. C.E. Boyd, Water Quality: An Introduction, Springer Nature, 2019.
45. B. Nusrat, R. Saeed, M. Afzaal, A. Ahmad, N. Muhammad, I. Jibran, A. Khan, Y. Maqbool, H. Saman, Water quality assessment of lower Jhelum canal in Pakistan by using geographic information system (GIS), Groundwater Sustainable Dev., 10 (2020) 100357, doi: 10.1016/j.gsd.2020.100357.
46. A. Arshad, M. Iqbal, A. Waheed, Groundwater quality assessment near Nullah Lai stream of Pakistan, Cent. Asian J. Environ. Sci. Technol. Innovation, 2 (2021) 45–51.
47. A. Mahmood, A. Jamal, T. Xiao-Wei, M.A. Al-Sughaiyer, H.M. Al-Ahmadi, F. Ahmad, Assessing potable water quality and identifying areas of waterborne diarrheal and fluorosis health risks using spatial interpolation in Peshawar, Pakistan, Water, 12 (2020) 2163, doi: 10.3390/w12082163.
48. A. Farid, K. Jadoon, G. Akhter, M. Asim Iqbal, Hydrostratigraphy and hydrogeology of the western part of Maira area, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan: a case study by using electrical resistivity, Environ. Monit. Assess., 185 (2013) 2407–2422.
49. K. Kubo, T. Hirayama, S. Fujimura, T. Eguchi, N. Nihei, S. Hamamoto, M. Takeuchi, T. Saito, T. Ota, T. Shinano, Potassium behavior and clay mineral composition in the soil with low effectiveness of potassium application, Soil Sci. Plant Nutr.,64 (2018) 265–271.
50. S. Chandra, S. Ahmed, A. Ram, B. Dewandel, Estimation of hard rock aquifers hydraulic conductivity from geoelectrical measurements: a theoretical development with field application, J. Hydrol., 357 (2008) 218–227.
51. J. Bundschuh, B. Nath, R. Bhattacharya, C.-W. Liu, M.A. Armienta, M.V. Moreno López, D.L. Lopez, J.-S. Jean,
    L. Cornejo, L. Fagundes Lauer Macedo, A.T. Filho, Arsenic in the human food chain: the Latin American perspective, Sci. Total Environ., 429 (2012) 92–106.
52. B.S. Shankar, N. Balasubramanya, M.T. Maruthesha Reddy, Impact of industrialization on groundwater quality – a case study of Peenya industrial area, Bangalore, India, Environ. Monit. Assess., 142 (2008) 263–268.