References

  1. J.S. Wang, Y.Y. Hu, C.D. Wu, Comparing the effect of bioflocculant with synthetic polymers on enhancing granulation in UASB reactors for low-strength wastewater treatment, Water SA, 31 (2005) 177–182.
  2. G. Lettinga, A. de Man, A.R.M. van der Last, W. Wiegant, K. van Knippenberg, J. Frijns, J.C.L. van Buuren, Anaerobic treatment of domestic sewage and wastewater, Water Sci. Technol., 27 (1993) 67–73.
  3. G. Lettinga, A.F.M. van Velsen, S.D. Hobma, W. de Zeeuw, A. Klapwijk, Use of the upflow sludge blanket (USB) reactor concept for biological wastewater treatment, especially for anaerobic treatment, Biotechnol. Bioeng., 22 (1980) 699–734.
  4. M.K. Tiwari, S. Guha, C. Harendranath, S. Tripathi, Influence of extrinsic factors on granulation in UASB reactor, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 71 (2006) 145–154.
  5. R.F. Hickey, W.-M. Wu, M.C. Veiga, R. Jones, Start-up, operation, monitoring and control of high-rate anaerobic treatment systems, Water Sci. Technol., 24 (1991) 207–255.
  6. V. Singh, S.S. Narvi, N.D. Pandey, Influence of polymer addition on granulation in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor: a review, Int. J. Appl. Environ. Sci., 12 (2017) 1561–1573.
  7. M.K. Tiwari, S. Guha, C.S. Harendranath, S. Tripathi, Enhanced granulation by natural ionic polymer additives in UASB reactor treating low-strength wastewater, Water Res., 39 (2005) 3801–3810.
  8. Y. Kalogo, A. M’Bassiguié Séka, W. Verstraete, Enhancing the start-up of a UASB reactor treating domestic wastewater by adding a water extract of Moringa oleifera seeds, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 55 (2001) 644–651.
  9. T. Cao, M. Zhang, S. Shan, Effect of two-added powdered bamboo-charcoal on sludge granulation of UASB reactor, Nong Ye Gong Cheng Xue Bao, 26 (2010) 246–250.
  10. K.-Y. Show, Y. Wang, S.-F. Foong, J.-H. Tay, Accelerated start-up and enhanced granulation in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors, Water Res., 38 (2004) 2293–2304.
  11. R. El-Mamouni, R. Leduc, S.R. Guiot, Influence of synthetic and natural polymers on the anaerobic granulation process, Water Sci. Technol., 38 (1998) 341–347.
  12. N. Hudayah, B. Suraraksa, P. Chaiprasert, Synergistic effects of the chitosan addition and polysaccharides-EPS on the formation of anaerobic granules, Environ. Technol., 37 (2016) 2713–2722.
  13. K. Torres, F.J. Álvarez-Hornos, P. San-Valero, C. Gabaldón, P. Marzal, Granulation and microbial community dynamics in the chitosan-supplemented anaerobic treatment of wastewater polluted with organic solvents, Water Res., 130 (2018) 376–387.
  14. J.E.E. Schmidt, B.K. Ahring, Extracellular polymers in granular sludge from different upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 42 (1994) 457–462.
  15. H.Q. Yu, H.H.P. Fang, J.H. Tay, Effects of Fe2+ on sludge granulation in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor, Water Sci. Technol., 41 (2000) 199–205.
  16. H.Q. Yu, J.H. Tay, H.H. Fang, The roles of calcium in sludge granulation during UASB reactor start-up, Water Res., 27 (2001) 1052–1060.
  17. H.Q. Yu, H.H. Fang, J.H. Tay, Enhanced sludge granulation in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors by aluminum chloride, Chemosphere, 44 (2001) 31–36.
  18. C. Chen, J. Liang, B.A. Yoza, Q.X. Li, Y. Zhan, Q. Wang, Evaluation of an up-flow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactor containing diatomite and maifanite for the improved treatment of petroleum wastewater, Bioresour. Technol., 243 (2017) 620–627.
  19. C. Chen, X. Yao, Q.X. Li, Q. Wang, J. Liang, S. Zhang, J. Ming, Z. Liu, J. Deng, B.A. Yoza, Turf soil enhances treatment efficiency and performance of phenolic wastewater in an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor, Chemosphere, 204 (2018) 227–234.
  20. A.A. Khan, I. Mehrotra, A.A. Kazmi, Sludge profiling at varied organic loadings and performance evaluation of UASB reactor treating sewage, Biosyst. Eng., 131 (2015) 32–40.
  21. S. Barak, D. Mudgil, Locust bean gum: processing, properties and food applications—a review, Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 66 (2014) 74–80.
  22. D. Mudgil, S. Barak, B.S. Khatkar, Guar gum: processing, properties and food applications-a review, J. Food Sci. Technol. Mysore, 51 (2014) 409–418.
  23. J. Liang, Q. Wang, B.A. Yoza, Q.X. Li, M. Ke, C. Chen, Degradation of guar in an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor: impacts of salinity on performance robustness, granulation and microbial community, Chemosphere, 232 (2019) 327–336.
  24. APHA AWWA, W., Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, American Water Works Association, Washington, DC, 2005.
  25. R. El-Mamouni, R. Leduc, S.R. Guiot, Influence of the starting microbial nucleus type on the anaerobic granulation dynamics, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 47 (1997) 189–194.
  26. R. Dilallo, O.E. Albertson, Volatile acids by direct titration, J. Water Pollut. Control Fed., 33 (1961) 356–365.
  27. T. Kuba, H. Furumai, T. Kusuda, Discussion on the extraction methods of extracellular polymer, Proc. Environ. Eng. Res., 29 (1992) 4–6 (in Japanese).
  28. O.H. Lowry, N.J. Rosebrough, A.L. Farr, R.J. Randall, Protein measurement with the folin phenol reagent, J. Biol. Chem., 193 (1951) 265–275.
  29. D. Valcke, W. Verstraete, A practical method to estimate the acetoclastic methanogenic biomass in anaerobic sludges, J. Water Pollut. Control Fed., 55 (1983) 1191–1195.
  30. W. Subramonian, T.Y. Wu, S.-P. Chai, A comprehensive study on coagulant performance and floc characterization of natural Cassia obtusifolia seed gum in treatment of raw pulp and paper mill effluent, Ind. Crops Prod., 61 (2014) 317–324.
  31. S. Bodkhe, Development of an improved anaerobic filter for municipal wastewater treatment, Bioresour. Technol., 99 (2008) 222–226.
  32. S.Y. Cheng, P.-L. Show, J.C. Juan, T.C. Ling, B.F. Lau, S.H. Lai, E.P. Ng, Sustainable landfill leachate treatment: optimize use of guar gum as natural coagulant and floc characterization, Environ. Res., 188 (2020) 109737, doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2020. 109737.
  33. V. Singh, S.S. Narvi, N.D. Pandey, Influence of polymer addition on granulation in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor: a review, Int. J. Appl. Environ. Sci., 12 (2017) 1561–1573.
  34. A. Hussain, S.K. Dubey, Specific methanogenic activity test for anaerobic treatment of phenolic wastewater, Desal. Water Treat., 52 (2014) 7015–7025.
  35. W. Zhou, T. Imai, M. Ukita, M. Sekine, T. Higuchi, Triggering forces for anaerobic granulation in UASB reactors, Process Biochem., 41 (2006) 36–43.
  36. S.K. Gupta, Morphological study of the granules in UASB and hybrid reactors, Clean Technol. Environ. Policy, 7 (2005) 203–212.
  37. F.A. MacLeod, S.R. Guiot, J.W. Costerton, Layered structure of bacterial aggregates produced in an upflow anaerobic sludge bed and filter reactor, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 56 (1990) 1598–1607.
  38. J. Chen, S.-Y. Lun, Study on mechanism of anaerobic sludge granulation in UASB reactors, Water Sci. Technol., 28 (1993) 171–180.