References

  1. A.A. Sapalidis, E.P. Kouvelos, G.E. Romanos, N.K. Kanellopoulos, Introduction to membrane Desalination,
    A.A. Sapalidis, Ed., Membrane Desalination, CRC Press, New York, 2020. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429020254
  2. J. Yin, B. Deng, Polymer-matrix nanocomposite membranes for water treatment, J. Membr. Sci., 479 (2015) 256–275.
  3. M. Padaki, R. Surya Murali, M.S. Abdullah, N. Misdan, A. Moslehyani, M.A. Kassim, N. Hilal, A.F. Ismail, Membrane technology enhancement in oil–water separation. A review, Desalination, 357 (2015) 197–207.
  4. A. Subramani, M. Badruzzaman, J. Oppenheimer, J.G. Jacangelo, Energy minimization strategies and renewable energy utilization for desalination: a review, Water Res., 45 (2011) 1907–1920.
  5. R. Zhang, Y. Liu, M. He, Y. Su, X. Zhao, M. Elimelech, Z. Jiang, Antifouling membranes for sustainable water purification: strategies and mechanisms, Chem. Soc. Rev., 45 (2016) 5888–5924.
  6. P.S. Goh, W.J. Lau, M.H.D. Othman, A.F. Ismail, Membrane fouling in desalination and its mitigation strategies, Desalination, 425 (2018) 130–155.
  7. H.-C. Flemming, Microbial Biofouling: Unsolved Problems, Insufficient Approaches, and Possible Solutions,
    H.-C. Flemming, J. Wingender, U. Szewzyk, Eds., Biofilm Highlights, Springer Series on Biofilms, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2011, pp. 81–109. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19940-0_5
  8. R. Komlenic, Rethinking the causes of membrane biofouling, Filtr. Sep., 47 (2010) 26–28.
  9. S.S. Bucs, N. Farhat, J.C. Kruithof, C. Picioreanu, M.C.M. van Loosdrecht, J.S. Vrouwenvelder, Review on strategies for biofouling mitigation in spiral wound membrane systems, Desalination, 434 (2018) 189–197.
  10. C. Abrusci, D. Marquina, A. Santos, A. Del Amo, T. Corrales, F. Catalina, Biodeterioration of cinematographic cellulose triacetate by Sphingomonas paucimobilis using indirect impedance and chemiluminescence techniques, Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad., 63 (2009) 759–764.
  11. K.J. Chinu, A.H. Johir, S. Vigneswaran, H.K. Shon, J. Kandasamy, Biofilter as pretreatment to membrane based desalination: evaluation in terms of fouling index, Desalination, 247 (2009) 77–84.
  12. D. Kim, G.L. Amy, T. Karanfil, Disinfection by-product formation during seawater desalination: a review, Water Res., 81 (2015) 343–355.
  13. S.F. Anis, R. Hashaikeh, N. Hilal, Reverse osmosis pretreatment technologies and future trends: a comprehensive review, Desalination, 452 (2019) 159–195.
  14. L.D. Tijing, Y.C. Woo, J.-S. Choi, S. Lee, S.-H. Kim, H.K. Shon, Fouling and its control in membrane distillation—
    a review, J. Membr. Sci., 475 (2015) 215–244.
  15. N. Alnairat, M. Abu Dalo, R. Abu-Zurayk, S. Abu Mallouh, F. Odeh, A. Al Bawab, Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles as an effective antibiofouling material for polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) ultrafiltration membrane, Polymers, 13 (2021) 3683, doi: 10.3390/polym13213683.
  16. S. Jeong, G. Naidu, T. Leiknes, S. Vigneswaran, In: E. Drioli, L. Giorno, E. Fontananova, Eds., Comprehensive Membrane Science and Engineering, 2nd ed., Elsevier, Oxford, 2017, pp. 48–71. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/ B978-0-12-409547-2.12261-9
  17. R.A. Al-Juboori, T. Yusaf, Biofouling in RO system: mechanisms, monitoring and controlling, Desalination, 302 (2012) 1–23.
  18. W.S. Ang, M. Elimelech, Protein (BSA) fouling of reverse osmosis membranes: implications for wastewater reclamation, J. Membr. Sci., 296 (2007) 83–92.
  19. X. Yang, D. Li, Z. Yu, Y. Meng, X. Zheng, S. Zhao, F. Meng, Biochemical characteristics and membrane fouling behaviors of soluble microbial products during the lifecycle of Escherichia coli, Water Res., 192 (2021) 116835, doi: 10.1016/j. watres.2021.116835.
  20. L. Yu, Y. Zhang, B. Zhang, J. Liu, H. Zhang, C. Song, Preparation and characterization of HPEI-GO/PES ultrafiltration membrane with antifouling and antibacterial properties, J. Membr. Sci., 447 (2013) 452–462.
  21. O. Habimana, A.J.C. Semião, E. Casey, The role of cell-surface interactions in bacterial initial adhesion and consequent biofilm formation on nanofiltration/reverse osmosis membranes, J. Membr. Sci., 454 (2014) 82–96.
  22. L. Eykens, K. De Sitter, C. Dotremont, W. De Schepper, L. Pinoy, B. Van Der Bruggen, Wetting resistance of commercial membrane distillation membranes in waste streams containing surfactants and oil, Appl. Sci., 7 (2017) 118, doi: 10.3390/app7020118.
  23. I.N. Floros, E.P. Kouvelos, G.I. Pilatos, E.P. Hadjigeorgiou, A.D. Gotzias, E.P. Favvas, A.A. Sapalidis, Enhancement of flux performance in PTFE membranes for direct contact membrane distillation, Polymers, 12 (2020) 345, doi: 10.3390/ polym12020345.
  24. M. Kamaz, A. Sengupta, A. Gutierrez, Y.-H. Chiao, R. Wickramasinghe, Surface modification of PVDF membranes for treating produced waters by direct contact membrane distillation, Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 16 (2019) 685, doi: 10.3390/ ijerph16050685.
  25. G.S. Prihandana, I. Sanada, H. Ito, M. Noborisaka, Y. Kanno, T. Suzuki, N. Miki, Antithrombogenicity of fluorinated diamond-like carbon films coated nano porous polyethersulfone (PES) membrane, Materials, 6 (2013) 4309–4323, doi: 10.3390/ ma6104309.
  26. A. Rahimpour, S.S. Madaeni, S. Ghorbani, A. Shockravi, Y. Mansourpanah, The influence of sulfonated polyethersulfone (SPES) on surface nano-morphology and performance of polyethersulfone (PES) membrane, Appl. Surf. Sci., 256 (2010) 1825–1831.
  27. X. Huang, B. Shi, B. Li, L. Li, X. Zhang, S. Zhao, Surface characterization of nylon 66 by inverse gas chromatography and contact angle, Polym. Test., 25 (2006) 970–974.
  28. N. Stafie, D.F. Stamatialis, M. Wessling, Insight into the transport of hexane–solute systems through
    tailor-made composite membranes, J. Membr. Sci., 228 (2004) 103–116.
  29. Y.L. Jeyachandran, E. Mielczarski, B. Rai, J.A. Mielczarski, Quantitative and qualitative evaluation
    of adsorption/desorption of bovine serum albumin on hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces, Langmuir, 25 (2009) 11614–11620.
  30. L. Zhang, G. Chowdhury, C. Feng, T. Matsuura, R. Narbaitz, Effect of surface-modifying macromolecules and membrane morphology on fouling of polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membranes, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 88 (2003) 3132–3138.
  31. K.-H. Choo, C.-H. Lee, Effect of anaerobic digestion broth composition on membrane permeability, Water Sci. Technol., 34 (1996) 173–179.
  32. L. Chen, Y. Tian, C.-q. Cao, J. Zhang, Z.-n. Li, Interaction energy evaluation of soluble microbial products (SMP) on different membrane surfaces: role of the reconstructed membrane topology, Water Res., 46 (2012) 2693–2704.
  33. D. Rana, T. Matsuura, Surface modifications for antifouling membranes, Chem. Rev., 110 (2010) 2448–2471.
  34. G. Reshes, S. Vanounou, I. Fishov, M. Feingold, Cell shape dynamics in Escherichia coli, Biophys. J., 94 (2008) 251–264.
  35. M.C. van Loosdrecht, J. Lyklema, W. Norde, G. Schraa, A.J. Zehnder, The role of bacterial cell wall hydrophobicity in adhesion, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 53 (1987) 1893–1897.
  36. H.C. van der Mei, R. Bos, H.J. Busscher, A reference guide to microbial cell surface hydrophobicity based on contact angles, Colloids Surf., B, 11 (1998) 213–221.
  37. X. Zhang, Q. Zhang, T. Yan, Z. Jiang, X. Zhang, Y.Y. Zuo, Quantitatively predicting bacterial adhesion using surface free energy determined with a spectrophotometric method, Environ. Sci. Technol., 49 (2015) 6164–6171.
  38. K. Boussu, B. Van der Bruggen, A. Volodin, C. Van Haesendonck, J.A Delcour, P. Van der Meeren,
    C. Vandecasteele, Characterization of commercial nanofiltration membranes and comparison with self-made polyethersulfone membranes, Desalination, 191 (2006) 245–253.
  39. L. Lai, L.N. Sim, W.B. Krantz, T.H. Chong, Characterization of colloidal fouling in forward osmosis via ultrasonic time-(UTDR) and frequency-domain reflectometry (UFDR), J. Membr. Sci., 602 (2020) 117969, doi: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.117969.
  40. M. Kögler, B. Zhang, L. Cui, Y. Shi, M. Yliperttula, T. Laaksonen, T. Viitala, K. Zhang, Real-time Raman based approach for identification of biofouling, Sens. Actuators, B, 230 (2016) 411–421.
  41. L. Fortunato, S. Jeong, T. Leiknes, Time-resolved monitoring of biofouling development on a flat sheet membrane using optical coherence tomography, Sci. Rep., 7 (2017) 15, doi: 10.1038/ s41598-017-00051-9.
  42. N. Dhakal, S.G. Salinas-Rodriguez, J. Ampah, J.C. Schippers, M.D. Kennedy, Measuring biofouling potential in SWRO plants with a flow-cytometry-based bacterial growth potential method, Membranes, 11 (2021) 76, doi:10.3390/membranes11020076.
  43. A. Abushaban, S.G. Salinas-Rodriguez, M. Kapala, D. Pastorelli, J.C. Schippers, S. Mondal, S. Goueli,
    M.D. Kennedy, Monitoring biofouling potential using ATP-based bacterial growth potential in SWRO pre-treatment of a full-scale plant, Membranes, 10 (2020) 360, doi: 10.3390/membranes10110360.