References

  1. K. Kümmerer, Drugs in the environment: emission of drugs, diagnostic aids and disinfectants into wastewater by hospitals in relation to other sources – a review, Chemosphere, 45 (2001) 957–969.
  2. S.A. Snyder, P. Westerhoff, Y. Yoon, D.L. Sedlak, Pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and endocrine disruptors in water: implications for the water industry, Environ. Eng. Sci., 20 (2004) 449–469.
  3. M. Petrović, S. Gonzalez, D. Barceló, Analysis and removal of emerging contaminants in wastewater and drinking water, TrAC, Trends Anal. Chem., 22 (2003) 685–696.
  4. M. Carballa, F. Omil, J.M. Lema, M. Llompart, C. Garcı́a-Jares, I. Rodrı́guez, M. Gómez, T. Ternes, Behaviour of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and hormones in a sewage treatment plant, Water Res., 38 (2004) 2918–2926.
  5. B. Pauwels, W. Verstraete, The treatment of hospital wastewater: an appraisal, J. Water Health, 4 (2006) 405–416.
  6. M. El-Morhit, M. Yagoubi, A. Belmakki, M. Zouhdi, Monthly physicochemical characterization of a hospital effluent according to technical and care activities (Avicenna Rabat, Morocco), World J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci., 4 (2015) 247–267.
  7. A. Novo, C.M. Manaia, Factors influencing antibiotic resistance burden in municipal wastewater treatment plant, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 87 (2010) 1157–1166.
  8. A.M. Shahalam, A. Al-Haddad, A. Abusam, S. Al-Shammari, H. Al-Naser, H. Safar, Development of a Wastewater Quality Database and Assessment of Effluent Quality for Potential Reuse in Kuwait, Final Report, KISR9652, 2009.
  9. H.M. Alajmi, Effect of Physical, Chemical and Biological Treatment on the Removal of Five Pharmaceuticals from Domestic Wastewater in Laboratory-Scale Reactors and Full- Scale Plant, Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University, 2014, pp. 1–245.
  10. B. Gevao, M. Porcelli, Al-Bahloul, Abaseline Screening Survey of Human Pharmaceuticals in Wastewater Treatment Plants in Kuwait, Final Report KISR 12451, 2014.
  11. Prayitno, Z. Kusuma, B. Yanuwiadi, R.W. Laksmono, Study of hospital wastewater characteristic in Malang City, Int. J. Eng. Sci., 2 (2013) 13–16.
  12. K. Al-Ajlouni, S. Shakhatreh, N. Al-Ibraheem, M. Jawarneh, Evaluation of wastewater discharge from hospitals in Amman JORDAN, Int. J. Basic Appl. Sci., 13 (2012) 44–50.
  13. APHA, Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater, American Public Health Association (APHA), The American Water Works Association (AWWA), and The Water Environment Federation (WEF), 2017.
  14. G. Frascaroli, D. Reid, C. Hunter, J. Roberts, K. Helwig, J. Spencer, A. Escudero, Pharmaceuticals in wastewater treatment plants: a systematic review on the substances of greatest concern responsible for the development of antimicrobial resistance, Appl. Sci., 11 (2020) 6670, doi: 10.3390/app11156670.