References

  1. Y. Oren, Capacitive deionization (CDI) for desalination and water treatment — past, present and future (a review), Desalination, 228 (2008) 10–29.
  2. K.P. Lee, T.C. Arnot, D. Mattia, A review of reverse osmosis membrane materials for desalination—development to date and future potential, J. Membr. Sci., 370 (2011) 1–22.
  3. M.E. Suss, S. Porada, X. Sun, P.M. Biesheuvel, J. Yoon, V. Presser, Water desalination via capacitive deionization: what is it and what can we expect from it?, Energy Environ. Sci., 8 (2015) 2296, doi: 10.1039/C5EE00519A.
  4. J.M. Choi, P. Dorji, H.K. Shon, S.K. Hong, Applications of capacitive deionization: desalination, softening, selective removal, and energy efficiency, Desalination, 449 (2019) 118–130.
  5. I.S. Al-Mutaz, I. Wazeer, Comparative performance evaluation of conventional multi-effect evaporation desalination processes, Appl. Therm. Eng., 73 (2014) 1194–1203.
  6. H. Tanaka, Y.-S. Ho, Global trends and performances of desalination research, Desal. Water Treat., 25 (2011) 1–12.
  7. D. Liu, K. Huang, L. Xie, H.L. Tang, Relation between operating parameters and desalination performance of capacitive deionization with activated carbon electrodes, Environ. Sci. Water Res. Technol., 1 (2015) 516–522.
  8. M.S. Osman, J.J. Schoeman, L.M. Baratta, Desalination/concentration of reverse osmosis and electrodialysis brines with membrane distillation, Desal. Water Treat., 24 (2010) 293–301.
  9. Y. Zhao, Y. Wang, R. Wang, Y. Wu, S. Xu, J. Wang, Performance comparison and energy consumption analysis of capacitive deionization and membrane capacitive deionization processes, Desalination, 324 (2013) 127–133.
  10. L. Dumée, K. Sears, J. Schutz, N. Finn, M. Duke, S. Gray, Carbon nanotube based composite membranes for water desalination by membrane distillation, Desal. Water Treat., 17 (2010) 72–79.
  11. J.B. Lee, K.K. Park, H.M. Eum, C.W. Lee, Desalination of a thermal power plant wastewater by membrane capacitive deionization, Desalination, 196 (2006) 125–134.
  12. R. Zhang, C. Khorshed, S. Vigneswaran, J. Kandasamy, Submerged microfiltration coupled with physico-chemical processes as pretreatment to sea water desalination, Desal. Water Treat., 11 (2009) 52–57.
  13. Y.J. Kim, J.H. Choi, Improvement of desalination efficiency in capacitive deionization using a carbon electrode coated with an ion-exchange polymer, Water Res., 44 (2010) 990–996.
  14. R. Zhang, S. Jiang, Kinetics study on the adsorption/desorption process using activated carbon electrodes with single-pass mode in capacitive deionization, Desal. Water Treat., 78 (2017) 90–97.
  15. X. Zhao, H. Wei, H. Zhao, Y. Wang, N. Tang, Electrode materials for capacitive deionization: a review, J. Electroanal. Chem., 873 (2020) 114416, doi: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114416.
  16. P. Dorji, S. Phuntsho, D.I. Kim, S. Lim, M.J. Park, S.K. Hong, H.K. Shon, Electrode for selective bromide removal in membrane capacitive deionisation, Chemosphere, 287 (2022) 132169, doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132169.
  17. H. Li, L. Zou, Ion-exchange membrane capacitive deionization: a new strategy for brackish water desalination, Desalination, 275 (2011) 62–66.
  18. S. Porada, R. Zhao, A. van der Wal, V. Presser, P.M. Biesheuvel, Review on the science and technology of water desalination by capacitive deionization, Prog. Mater. Sci., 58 (2013) 1388–1442.
  19. R. Zhao, S. Porada, P.M. Biesheuvel, A.V.D. Wal, Energy consumption in membrane capacitive deionization for different water recoveries and flow rates, and comparison with reverse osmosis, Desalination, 330 (2013) 35–41.
  20. Y.J. Song, W.S. Yun, J.W. Rhim, Studies of performance and enlarged capacity through multi-stages stacked module in membrane capacitive deionization process, Membr. J., 27 (2017) 449–457.
  21. W.S. Yun, S.I. Cheong, J.W. Rhim, Effect of ion exchange capacity on salt removal rate in membrane capacitive deionization process, Membr. J., 28 (2018) 332–339.
  22. C.H. Hou, C.Y. Huang, A comparative study of electrosorption selectivity of ions by activated carbon electrodes in capacitive deionization, Desalination, 314 (2013) 124–129.
  23. R. Zhao, O. Satpradit, H.H.M. Rijnaarts, P.M. Biesheuvel, A. van der Wal, Optimization of salt adsorption rate in membrane capacitive deionization, Water Res., 47 (2013) 1941–1952.
  24. Y.J. Kim, J.H. Choi, Enhanced desalination efficiency in capacitive deionization with an ion-selective membrane, Sep. Purif. Technol., 71 (2010) 70–75.
  25. P.M. Biesheuvel, A. van der Wal, Membrane capacitive deionization, J. Membr. Sci., 346 (2010) 256–262.
  26. X. Xu, L. Pan, Y. Liu, T. Lu, Z. Sun, Enhanced capacitive deionization performance of graphene by nitrogen doping, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 445 (2015) 143–150.
  27. R. Zhao, P.M. Biesheuvel, A. van der Wal, Energy consumption and constant current operation in membrane capacitive deionization, Energy Environ. Sci., 5 (2012) 9520–9527.
  28. P.M. Biesheuvel, R. Zhao, S. Porada, A. van der Wal, Theory of membrane capacitive deionization including the effect of the electrode pore space, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 360 (2011) 239–248.
  29. J.H. Choi, H.K. Kim, Comparison of selective removal of nitrate ion in constant voltage and constant current operation in capacitive deionization, Korean Chem. Eng. Res., 53 (2015) 269–275.
  30. R. Zhao, P.M. Biesheuvel, A. van der Wal, Energy consumption and constant current operation in membrane capacitive deionization, Energy Environ. Sci., 5 (2012) 9520–9527.
  31. Y.A.C. Jande, W.S. Kim, Desalination using capacitive deionization at constant current, Desalination, 329 (2013) 29–34.
  32. J.H. Choi, Comparison of constant voltage (CV) and constant current (CC) operation in the membrane capacitive deionisation process, Desal. Water Treat., 56 (2014) 921–928.
  33. J.I. Kang, T.Y. Kim, K.S. Jo, J.Y. Yoon, Comparison of salt adsorption capacity and energy consumption between constant current and constant voltage operation in capacitive deionization, Desalination, 352 (2014) 52–57.
  34. Y. Qu, P.G. Campbell, L. Gu, J.M. Knipe, E. Dzenitis, J.G. Santiago, M. Stadermann, Energy consumption analysis of constant voltage and constant current operations in capacitive deionization, Desalination, 400 (2016) 18–24.