References

  1. H. Soleimani, O. Nasri, M. Ghoochani, A. Azhdarpoor, M. Dehghani, M. Radfard, M. Darvishmotevalli, V. Oskoei, M. Heydari, Groundwater quality evaluation and risk assessment of nitrate using monte Carlo simulation and sensitivity analysis in rural areas of Divandarreh County, Kurdistan province, Iran, Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem., 102 (2020) 2213–2231.
  2. J. Sheffield, E.F. Wood, M. Pan, H. Beck, G. Coccia, A. Serrat‐Capdevila, K. Verbist, Satellite remote sensing for water resources management: potential for supporting sustainable development in data‐poor regions, Water Resour. Res., 54 (2018) 9724–9758.
  3. A. Eslami, M. Ghaffari, B. Barikbin, F. Fanaei, Assessment of safety in drinking water supply system of Birjand city using World Health Organization’s water safety plan, Environ. Health Eng. Manage., 5 (2018) 39–47.
  4. WHO, Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality, World Health Organization, Geneva, 2004.
  5. A. Eslami, B. Barikbin, M. Ghaffari, F. Fanaei, Assessment of water safety plan (WSP) implementation and risk management in Sarayan City, Zanco J. Med. Sci., 18 (2017) 81–95.
  6. A. Eslami, M. Ghafari, V. Sohbatloo, F. Fanaei, Safety assessment of Zanjan drinking water system using water safety plan, J. Hum. Environ. Health Promot., 2 (2017) 138–146.
  7. J. Rak, B. Tchórzewska-Cieślak, Review of matrix methods for risk assessment in water supply system, J. Konbin, 1 (2006) 67–75.
  8. J. Bartram, L. Corrales, A. Davison, D. Deere, D. Drury, B. Gordon, G. Howard, A. Rinehold, M. Stevens, Water Safety Plan Manual: Step-by-Step Risk Management for Drinking- Water Suppliers, World Health Organization, Geneva, 2009.
  9. M. Mortazavi, T. Shahryari, F. Fanaei, B. Barikbin, Safety assessment of supply and distribution management of drinking water in Torbat Jam using WSP-QA TOOL Software, J. Res. Environ. Health, 5 (2019) 230–238.
  10. R. Aali, M. Fahiminia, M. Asadi-Ghalhari, F. Fanaei, R. Mostafaloo, A. Kishipour, Accomplishment of water safety plan using quality assurance tool in 2020–2021: a case study in a western city of Gilan province, Iran, Environ. Health Eng. Manage., 8 (2021) 287–294.
  11. B.O. Osikanmi, M. Mustapha, M.K.C. Sridhar, A.O. Coker, Hazard identification and risk assessment-based water safety plan for packaged water production companies in Abeokuta, South West Nigeria, J. Environ. Prot., 11 (2020) 48–63.
  12. H.H.J.L. Van Den Berg, L. Friederichs, J.F.M. Versteegh, P.W.M.H. Smeets, A.M. de Roda Husman, How current risk assessment and risk management methods for drinking water in The Netherlands cover the WHO water safety plan approach, Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health, 222 (2019) 1030–1037.
  13. A. Nijhawan, P. Jain, A. Sargaonkar, P.K. Labhasetwar, Implementation of water safety plan for a large-piped water supply system, Environ. Monit. Assess., 186 (2014) 5547–5560.
  14. L. Seghezzo, M.L. Gatto D’Andrea, M.A. Iribarnegaray, V.I. Liberal, A. Fleitas, J. Bonifacio, Improved risk assessment and risk reduction strategies in the water safety plan (WSP) of Salta, Argentina, Water Sci. Technol. Water Supply, 13 (2013) 1080–1089.
  15. M. Jami Al-Ahmadi, A.R. Porkhabbaz, B. Sangak Sani, Pollution of heavy metals in some farms of Torbat-E Jam, Khorasan Razavi Province, Iran, Pollution, 4 (2018) 227–237.
  16. R. Heale, A. Twycross, Validity and reliability in quantitative studies, Evidence-Based Nurs., 18 (2015) 66–67.
  17. M.M. Vakili, N. Jahangiri, Content validity and reliability of the measurement tools in educational, behavioral, and health sciences research, Med. Educ. Dev., 10 (2018) 106–118.
  18. E. Hoshyari, N. Hassanzadeh, M. Khodabakhshi, Risk assessment of water supply system safety based on water safety plan (WSP) implementation in Hamadan, Iran, Arch. Hyg. Sci., 8 (2019) 46–55.
  19. A. Pérez-Vidal, C. Amézquita-Marroquín, P. Torres-Lozada, Water safety plans: risk assessment for consumers in drinking water supply systems, Ing. Compet., 15 (2013) 237–251.
  20. I.A. Shiklomanov, The World’s Water Resources, Proceedings of the International Symposium to Commemorate, State Hydrological Institute St. Petersburg, 25 (1991) 93–126.
  21. S.P. Simonovic, Managing Water Resources: Methods and Tools for a Systems Approach, Routledge, 2012.
  22. M. del Carmen Paris, M. D’Elía, M. Pérez, J. Pacini, Wellhead protection zones for sustainable groundwater supply, Sustainable Water Resour. Manage., 5 (2019) 161–174.
  23. R. Taylor, A. Cronin, S. Pedley, J. Barker, T. Atkinson, The implications of groundwater velocity variations on microbial transport and wellhead protection–review of field evidence, FEMS Microbiol. Ecol., 49 (2004) 17–26.
  24. U.S. EPA, Guidelines for Delineation of Wellhead Protection Areas, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Ground Water Protection, 1987.
  25. G. Matthess, S.S. Foster, A.C. Skinner, Theoretical Background, Hydrogeology, and Practice of Groundwater Protection Zones, International Association of Hydrogeologists, UNESCO, International Union of Geological Sciences, 1985.
  26. G. Oluwasanya, Qualitative risk assessment of self-supply hand-dug wells in Abeokuta, Nigeria: a water safety plan approach, Waterlines, 32 (2013) 36–49.
  27. P.T. Chiueh, W.T. Shang, S.L. Lo, An integrated risk management model for source water protection areas, Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 9 (2012) 3724–3739.
  28. R. Aali, A. Kishipour, Risk assessment of drinking water supply system of Talesh based on World Health Organization Water Safety Plan in 2021: a case study, Avicenna J. Environ. Health Eng., 9 (2022) 54–61.
  29. G. Liu, Y. Zhang, W.J. Knibbe, C. Feng, W. Liu, G. Medema, W. van der Meer, Potential impacts of changing supply-water quality on drinking water distribution: a review, Water Res., 116 (2017) 135–148.
  30. M. Kumar, A. Puri, A review of permissible limits of drinking water, Indian J. Occup. Environ. Med., 16 (2012) 40–44.
  31. M. Mohsin, S. Safdar, F. Asghar, F. Jamal, Assessment of drinking water quality and its impact on residents health in Bahawalpur city, Int. J. Humanit. Soc. Sci., 3 (2013) 114–128.
  32. B.B. Wang, Research on drinking water purification technologies for household use by reducing total dissolved solids (TDS), PLoS One, 16 (2021) e0257865, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257865.
  33. S. Tamminen, H. Ramos, D. Covas, Water supply system performance for different pipe materials part I: water quality analysis, Water Resour. Manage., 22 (2008) 1579–1607.
  34. J. Świetlik, U. Raczyk-Stanisławiak, P. Piszora, J. Nawrocki, Corrosion in drinking water pipes: the importance of green rusts, Water Res., 46 (2012) 1–10.
  35. R. Loewenthal, I. Morrison, M. Wentzel, Control of corrosion and aggression in drinking water systems, Water Sci. Technol., 49 (2004) 9–18.
  36. E.J. Kim, J.E. Herrera, Characteristics of lead corrosion scales formed during drinking water distribution and their potential influence on the release of lead and other contaminants, Environ. Sci. Technol., 44 (2010) 6054–6061.
  37. D.Q. Ng, J.K. Lin, Y.P. Lin, Lead release in drinking water resulting from galvanic corrosion in three-metal systems consisting of lead, copper and stainless steel, J. Hazard. Mater., 398 (2020) 122936, doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122936.
  38. A. Elfström Broo, B. Berghult, T. Hedberg, Pipe material selection in drinking water systems-a conference summary, Water Sci. Technol. Water Supply, 1 (2001) 117–125.
  39. M. Maiolo, G. Capano, M. Carini, D. Pantusa, Sustainability criteria for the selection of water supply pipeline, Cogent Eng., 5 (2018) 1491777, doi: 10.1080/23311916.2018.1491777.
  40. F. Falakh, O. Setiani, Hazard identification and risk assessment in water treatment plant considering environmental health and safety practice, E3S Web Conf., 31 (2018) 06011, doi: 10.1051/e3sconf/20183106011.
  41. E.M. Aieta, J.D. Berg, A review of chlorine dioxide in drinking water treatment, J. AWWA, 78 (1986) 62–72.
  42. R.V. Goyal, H.M. Patel, Analysis of residual chlorine in simple drinking water distribution system with intermittent water supply, Appl. Water Sci., 5 (2015) 311–319.
  43. M. Gheibi, M. Karrabi, M. Eftekhari, Designing a smart risk analysis method for gas chlorination units of water treatment plants with combination of failure mode effects analysis, Shannon entropy, and petri net modeling, Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., 171 (2019) 600–608.
  44. I. Mohammadfam, S. Mahmoudi, A. Kianfar, Comparative safety assessment of chlorination unit in Tehran treatment plants with HAZOP & ETBA techniques, Procedia Eng., 45 (2012) 27–30.
  45. A. Castillo, Risk analysis and management in power outage and restoration: a literature survey, Electr. Power Syst. Res., 107 (2014) 9–15.
  46. L.J. Van Leuven, Water/Wastewater Infrastructure Security: Threats and Vulnerabilities, R. Clark, S. Hakim, A. Ostfeld, Eds., Handbook of Water and Wastewater Systems Protection. Protecting Critical Infrastructure, Vol. 2, Springer, New York, NY, 2011, pp. 27–46.
  47. A.T. Rachmadi, M. Kitajima, T. Kato, H. Kato, S. Okabe, D. Sano, Required chlorination doses to fulfill the credit value for disinfection of enteric viruses in water: a critical review, Environ. Sci. Technol., 54 (2020) 2068–2077.
  48. Z. Tsvetanova, H. Najdenski, Biofilm formation potential of enteropathogenic bacteria and their survival in drinking waterassociated biofilms, Acta Microbiol. Bulg., 34 (2018) 153–159.
  49. R. Ataoui, R. Ermini, Risk assessment of water distribution service, Procedia Eng., 186 (2017) 514–521.
  50. WHO, Water Safety in Distribution Systems, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 2014.
  51. K. Xin, T. Tao, Y. Wang, S. Liu, Hazard and vulnerability evaluation of water distribution system in cases of contamination intrusion accidents, Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 6 (2012) 839–848.
  52. M. Ghannadi, Strategies for quality control in water supply networks, Water Environ. J., 52 (2003) 4–11.
  53. H. Saghi, A.A. Aval, Effective factors in causing leakage in water supply systems and urban water distribution networks, Am. J. Civ. Eng., 3 (2015) 60–63.
  54. Q. Xu, R. Liu, Q. Chen, R. Li, Review on water leakage control in distribution networks and the associated environmental benefits, J. Environ. Sci., 26 (2014) 955–961.
  55. H. Motiee, E. McBean, A. Motiei, Estimating physical unaccounted for water (UFW) in distribution networks using simulation models and GIS, Urban Water J., 4 (2007) 43–52.
  56. C. Lallana, N. Thyssen, Water Use Efficiency (in Cities): Leakage, European Environment Agency, Copenhagen, 2003.
  57. M. Tabesh, M. Delavar, M. Bostanian, Applying GIS and Hydraulic Models in Reducing Water Loss in Networks, Tehran University, Iran, 2001.
  58. K.B. Adedeji, Y. Hamam, B.T. Abe, A.M. Abu-Mahfouz, Leakage detection and estimation algorithm for loss reduction in water piping networks, Water, 9 (2017) 773, doi: 10.3390/w9100773.
  59. P. Castro, M. Neves, Chlorine decay in water distribution systems case study–Lousada network, Electron. J. Environ. Agric. Food Chem., 2 (2003) 261–266.
  60. S. Abuzerr, S. Nasseri, M. Yunesian, S. Yassin, M. Hadi, A.H. Mahvi, R. Nabizadeh, M. Al Agha, A. Sarsour, M. Darwish, Microbiological quality of drinking water and prevalence of waterborne diseases in the Gaza strip, Palestine: a narrative review, J. Geosci. Environ. Prot., 7 (2019) 122–138.
  61. L. Berardi, O. Giustolisi, Z. Kapelan, D. Savic, Development of pipe deterioration models for water distribution systems using EPR, J. Hydroinformatics, 10 (2008) 113–126.
  62. F. Beigi, Pathology of urban water distribution networks, J. Water Environ., 78 (1999) 17–25.
  63. M. Mustapha, M. Sridhar, A. Coker, A. Ajayi, A. Suleiman, Risk assessment from catchment to consumers as framed in water safety plans: a study from Maiduguri water treatment plant, North East Nigeria, J. Environ. Prot., 10 (2019) 1373–1390.
  64. K. Lautenschlager, N. Boon, Y. Wang, T. Egli, F. Hammes, Overnight stagnation of drinking water in household taps induces microbial growth and changes in community composition, Water Res., 44 (2010) 4868–4877.
  65. S. Gonzalez, R. Lopez-Roldan, J.L. Cortina, Presence of metals in drinking water distribution networks due to pipe material leaching: a review, Toxicol. Environ. Chem., 95 (2013) 870–889.
  66. S. Nazif, M. Karamouz, M. Tabesh, A. Moridi, Pressure management model for urban water distribution networks, Water Resour. Manage., 24 (2010) 437–458.
  67. J.E. Van Zyl, C.R.I. Clayton, The effect of pressure on leakage in water distribution systems, Water Manage., 160 (2007) 109–114.
  68. H. Monsef, M. Naghashzadegan, R. Farmani, A. Jamali, Pressure management in water distribution systems in order to reduce energy consumption and background leakage, J. Water Supply Res. Technol. AQUA, 67 (2018) 397–403.
  69. K. Nath, S. Bloomfield, M. Jones, Household Water Storage, Handling and Point-of-Use Treatment, A Review Commissioned by the International Scientific Forum on Home Hygiene (IFH), 2006.
  70. L. Evison, N. Sunna, Microbial regrowth in household water storage tanks, J. AWWA, 93 (2001) 85–94.
  71. M.J. Allen, R.H. Taylor, E.E. Geldreich, The occurrence of microorganisms in water main encrustations, J. AWWA, 72 (1980) 614–625.
  72. H. Schreiber, D. Schoenen, Chemical, bacteriological and biological examination and evaluation of sediments from drinking water reservoirs: results from the first sampling phase, Zbl. Hyg., 196 (1994) 153–169.
  73. L. Roberts, Y. Chartier, O. Chartier, G. Malenga, M. Toole, H. Rodka, Keeping clean water clean in a Malawi refugee camp: a randomized intervention trial, Bull. World Health Organ., 79 (2001) 280–287.
  74. M.N. Momba, T. Notshe, The microbiological quality of groundwater-derived drinking water after long storage in household containers in a rural community of South Africa, J. Water Supply Res. Technol. AQUA, 52 (2003) 67–77.
  75. S. Tokajian, F. Hashwa, Microbiological quality and genotypic speciation of heterotrophic bacteria isolated from potable water stored in household tanks, Water Qual. Res. J. Can., 39 (2004) 64–73.