References

  1. J.F.M. Arteaga, A. Kaurin, D. Lestan, Removal of toxic metals from sewage sludge by EDTA in a closed-loop washing process, Chemosphere, 307 (2022) 135917, doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135917.
  2. X.J. Wang, J. Chen, X.B. Yan, X. Wang, J. Zhang, J.Y. Huang, J.F. Zhao, Heavy metal chemical extraction from industrial and municipal mixed sludge by ultrasound-assisted citric acid, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 27 (2015) 368–372.
  3. T.T.T. Dung, A. Golreihan, E. Vassilieva, N.K. Phung, V. Cappuyns, R. Swennen, Insights into solid phase characteristics and release of heavy metals and arsenic from industrial sludge via combined chemical, mineralogical, and microanalysis, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 22 (2015) 2205–2218.
  4. C.-Y. Kuo, C.-H. Wu, S.-L. Lo, Removal of copper from industrial sludge by traditional and microwave acid extraction, J. Hazard. Mater., 120 (2005) 249–256.
  5. H. Yesil, A.E. Tugtas, Removal of heavy metals from leaching effluents of sewage sludge via supported liquid membranes, Sci. Total Environ., 693 (2019) 133608, doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133608.
  6. J.-Y. Wang, D.-S. Zhang, O. Stabnikova, J.-H. Tay, Evaluation of electrokinetic removal of heavy metals from sewage sludge, J. Hazard. Mater., 124 (2005) 139–146.
  7. A. Wali, G. Colinet, M. Ksibi, Speciation of heavy metals by modified BCR sequential extraction in soils contaminated by Phosphogypsum in Sfax, Tunisia, Environ. Res. Eng. Manage., 4 (2014) 14–26.
  8. B. Agnieszka, C. Tomasz, W. Jerzy, Chemical properties and toxicity of soils contaminated by mining activity, Ecotoxicology, 23 (2014) 1234–1244.
  9. M. Pozzi, K. Nowińska, Zawartość pierwiastków towarzyszących w materiałach procesu technologicznego ISP Huty Cynku “Miasteczko Śląskie”, Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi, 22 (2006) 21–34.
  10. K. Nowińska, Z. Adamczyk, Mobilność pierwiastków towarzyszących odpadom hutnictwa Cynku i Ołowiu w środowisku, Górnictwo i Geologia, 1 (2013) 77–87. Fig. 6. Concentration of metals in the individual fractions of sludge sample. F1 – ion-exchangeable fraction associated with carbonates, F2 – fraction associated with iron and manganese oxides, F3 – fraction associated with organic matter, F4 – residual fraction.
  11. S.X. Fan, X.D. Wang, J. Lei, Q.Q. Ran, Y.X. Ren, J.H. Zhou, Spatial distribution and source identification of heavy metals in a typical Pb/Zn smelter in an arid area of northwest China, Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess.: Int. J., 25 (2019) 1661–1687.
  12. J. Nyamangara, Use of sequential extraction to evaluate zinc and copper in a soil amended with sewage sludge and inorganic metal salts, Agric. Ecosyst. Environ., 69 (1998) 135–141.
  13. P. Tlustoš, J. Száková, A. Stárková, D. Pavlíková, A comparison of sequential extraction procedures for fractionation of arsenic, cadmium, lead, and zinc in soil, Cent. Eur. J. Chem., 3 (2005) 830–851.
  14. Ph. Quevauviller, A. Ure, H. Muntau, B. Griepink, Improvement of analytical measurements within the BCR-programme: single and sequential extraction procedures applied to soil and sediment analysis, Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem., 51 (1993) 129–134.
  15. G. Rauret, J.F. López-Sánchez, A. Sahuquillo, R. Rubio, C. Davidson, A. Ure, Ph. Quevauviller, Improvement of the BCR three step sequential extraction procedure prior to the certification of new sediment and soil reference materials, J. Environ. Monit., 1 (1999) 57–61.
  16. D. Galas, J. Kalembkiewicz, E. Sitarz-Palczak, Physicochemistry, morphology and leachability of selected metals from postgalvanized sewage sludge from screw factory in Łańcut, SE Poland, Contemp. Trends Geosci., 5 (2016) 83–91.
  17. D.T. Chen, W.Y. Au, S. van Ewijk, A. Roy, J.A. Stegemann, Elemental and mineralogical composition of metal-bearing neutralisation sludges, and zinc speciation – A review, J. Hazard. Mater., 416 (2021) 125676, doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125676.
  18. Y.-J. Liang, L.-Y. Chai, H. Liu, X.-B. Min, Q. Mahmood, H.-J. Zhang, Y. Ke, Hydrothermal sulfidation of zinc-containing neutralization sludge for zinc recovery and stabilization, Miner. Eng., 25 (2012) 14–19.