References
- Y.S. Ok, D.C.W. Tsang, N. Bolan, J.M. Novak, Eds., Biochar
from Biomass and Waste, Fundamentals and Applications,
Elsevier Inc., 2019. doi: 10.1016/
C2016-0-01974-5
- J. Gładki, Biochar as a Chance for Sustainable Development,
Printing House Apla Sp.J., Sędziszów, 2017 (in Polish).
- K. Malińska, Biochar as an answer to current problems
environmental protection, Eng. Environ. Prot., 4 (2012) 387–403
(in Polish).
- T. Bandara, J.B.A.J. Chathurika, A. Franks, J. Xu, C. Tang,
Interactive effects of biochar type and pH on the bioavailability
of As and Cd and microbial activities in co-contaminated soils,
Environ. Technol. Innovation, 23 (2021) 101767, doi: 10.1016/j.eti.2021.101767.
- J. Luo, L. Lin, C. Liu, C. Jia, T. Chen, Y. Yang, M. Shen, H. Shang,
S. Zhou, M. Huang, Y. Wang, D. Zhou, J. Fan, J.H. Clark,
S. Zhang, X. Zhu, Reveal a hidden highly toxic substance in
biochar to support its effective elimination strategy, J. Hazard.
Mater., 399 (2020) 123055, doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123055.
- Y.Y. Wang, X.R. Jing, L.L. Li, W.J. Liu, Z.H. Tong, H. Jiang,
Biotoxicity evaluations of three typical biochars using a
simulated system of fast pyrolytic biochar extracts on organisms
of three kingdoms, ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng., 5 (2017)
481–488.
- L. Wang, D. O’Connor, J. Rinklebe, Y.S. Ok, D.C.W. Tsang,
Z. Shen, D. Hou, Biochar aging: mechanisms, physicochemical
changes, assessment, and implications for field applications,
Environ. Sci. Technol., 54 (2020) 14797–14814.
- A. He, Z. Zhang, Q. Yu, K. Yang, G.D. Sheng, Lindane
degradation in wet-dry cycling soil as affected by aging
and microbial toxicity of biochar, Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf.,
219 (2021) 112374, doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112374.
- Act of 10 July 2007 on Fertilizers and Fertilization, Dz. U. Nr
147, poz. 1033 (in Polish).
- Regulation of the Minister of Agriculture and Rural
Development of 18 June 2008 on the Implementation of Certain
Provisions of the Act on Fertilizers and Fertilization, Dz.U. z
2008 r. nr 119, 765 (in Polish).
- M. Prodana, A.C. Bastos, A. Amaro, D. Cardoso, R. Morgado,
A.L. Machado, F.G.A. Verheijen, J.J. Keizer, S. Loureiro, Biomonitoring
tools for biochar and biochar-compost amended
soil underviticulture: looking at exposure and effects, 137 (2019)
120–128.
- M.K. Hossain, V. Strezov, K.Y. Chan, A. Ziolkowski, P.F. Nelson,
Influence of pyrolysis temperature on production and
nutrient properties of wastewater sludge biochar, J. Environ.
Manage., 92 (2011) 223–228.
- P. Ochal, Innovations on the Calcium Fertilizer Market in
Poland, Studies and Report, IUNG-PIB, Vol. 48, 2016, pp. 35–47,
doi: 10.26114/sir.iung.2016.48.03 (in Polish).
- A. Kicińska, J. Wikar, Ecological risk associated with
agricultural production in soils contaminated by the activities
of the metal ore mining and processing industry – example
from southern Poland, Soil Tillage Res., 205 (2020) 104817,
doi: 10.1016/j.still.2020.104817.
- A. Ostrowska, S. Gawlinski, Z. Szczubiałka, Methods of
Analysis and Evaluation of Soil and Plant Properties, Catalog
of the Institute of Environmental Protection, Warszawa,
Poland, 1991 (in Polish).
- Regulation of the Minister of the Environment of 1 September
2016 On the Method of Conducting the Assessment of Pollution
of the Earth Surface. Available at http://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/download.xsp/WDU20160001395/O/D20161395.pdf,
(in Polish).
- Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Standards EPA.
Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/sites/default/files/
Factsheet%20PAH_0.pdf (Downloaded 21. 07. 2022).
- K. Malińska, K. Mełgieś, Current quality and legal requirements
for biochar as a fertilizer and soil improver, Works ICiMB,
26 (2016) 82–95.
- https://biochar-international.org/
- H. Borkowska, B. Styk, Virginia Mallow (Sida hermaphrodita
Rusby) Cultivation and Use, Virginia Mallow (Sida hermaphrodita
Rusby) Cultivation and Use, Publishing House of the
Agricultural University in Lublin, Lublin, 2006, (in Polish).
- M. Bury, S. Rusinowski, K. Sitko, J. Krzyżak, T. Kitczak,
E. Możdżer, H. Siwek, M. Włodarczyk, P. Zieleźnik-Rusinowska,
A. Szada-Borzyszkowska, M. Pogrzeba, Physiological status
and biomass yield of Sida hermaphrodita (L.) Rusby cultivated
on two distinct marginal lands in Southern and Northern
Poland, Ind. Crops Prod., 167 (2021) 113502, doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2021.113502.
- M. Zieliński, P. Rusanowska, M. Zielińska, M. Dudek,
A. Nowicka, C. Purwin, M. Fijałkowska, M. Dębowski,
Influence of preparation of Sida hermaphrodita silages on its
conversion to methane, Renewable Energy, 163 (2021) 437–444.
- S. Szwaja, A. Poskart, M. Zajemska, A new approach for
evaluating biochar quality from Virginia Mallow biomass
thermal processing, J. Cleaner Prod., 214 (2019) 356–364.
- E. Stańczyk-Mazanek, Evaluation of the effect of toxicity of
biochar used for soil fertilization and its water extract on
plants, Desal. Water Treat., 199 (2020) 128–136.
- A. Kabata-Pendias, M. Piotrowska, T. Motowicka-Terelak,
Fundamentals of Evaluation of Chemical Soil Contamination
(Heavy Metals, Sulphur and PAH), National Inspectorate
for Environmental Protection IUNG, Puławy, Poland, 1995
(in Polish).
- A. Nigussie, E. Kissi, M. Misganaw, G. Ambaw, Effect of
biochar application on soil properties and nutrient uptake of
lettuces (Lactuca sativa) grown in chromium polluted soils,
Am.-Eurasian J. Agric. Environ. Sci., 12 (2012) 369–376.
- M. Prodana, A.C. Bastos, A. Amaro, D. Cardoso, R. Morgado,
A.L. Machado, F.G.A. Verheijen, J.J. Keizer, S. Loureiro,
Biomonitoring tools for biochar and biochar-compost amended
soil underviticulture: looking at exposure and effects,
137 (2019) 120–128.
- A. El-Naggar, S.S. Lee, J. Rinklebe, M. Farooq, H. Song,
A.K. Sarmah, A.R. Zimmerman, M. Ahmad, S.M. Shaheen,
Y.S. Ok, Biochar application to low fertility soils: a review of
current status, and future prospects, Geoderma, 337 (2019)
536–554.
- D. Cao, Y. Lan, W. Chen, X. Yang, D. Wang, S. Ge, J. Yang,
Q. Wang, Successive applications of fertilizers blended with
biochar in the soil improve the availability of phosphorus
and productivity of maize (Zea mays L.), Eur. J. Agron.,
130 (2021) 126344, doi: 10.1016/j.eja.2021.126344.
- P. Soudek, I.M. Rodriguez, V.S. Petrova, J. Song, T. Vanek,
Characteristics of different types of biochar and effects on
the toxicity of heavy metals to germinating sorghum seeds,
J. Geochem. Explor., 182 (2017) 157–165.
- J. Mumme, J. Getz, M. Prasad, U. Lüder, J. Kern, O. Masek,
W. Buss, Toxicity screening of biochar-mineral composites
using germination tests, Chemosphere, 207 (2018) 91–100.
- L. Bouqbis, S. Daoud, H.W. Koyro, C.I. Kammann, F.Z. Ainlhout,
M.Ch. Harrouni, Phytotoxic effects of argan shell biochar on
salad and barley germination, Agric. Nat. Resour., 51 (2017)
247–252.
- T. Bandara, J.B.A.J. Chathurika, A. Franks, J. Xu, C. Tang,
Interactive effects of biochar type and pH on the bioavailability
of As and Cd and microbial activities in co-contaminated
soils, Environ. Technol. Innovation, 23 (2021) 101767,
doi: 10.1016/j.eti.2021.101767.
- PN-EN 14961:2010, Solid Biofuels – Fuel Specifications and
Classes (in Polish).
- C. Kabała, A. Karczewska, M. Kozak, Usefulness of energy
plants for reclamation and development of degraded soils, Sci.
J. Univ. Life Sci. Wrocław, 576, Agriculture, 96 (2010) 97–117
(in Polish).
- E. Stańczyk-Mazanek, S. Szwaja, M. Włodarczyk-Makuła,
U. Kępa, The effect of biochar on migration of selected heavy
metals to soil, waters and plant biomass and physical and
chemical properties of soil, Desal. Water Treat., 199 (2020)
144–151.