References

1. W.L. Ang, A.W. Mohammad, N. Hilal, C.P. Leo, A review on the applicability of integrated/hybrid membrane processes in water treatment and desalination plants, Desalination, 363 (2015) 2–8.
2. T. Distefano, S. Kelly, Are we in deep water? water scarcity and its limits to economic growth, Ecol. Econ., 146 (2018) 130–147.
3. A. Zapata-Sierra, M. Cascajares, A. Alfredo, F. Manzano- Agugliaro, Worldwide research trends on desalination, Desalination, 519 (2022) 115305, doi: 10.1016/j.desal.2021.115305.
4. P.S. Goh, T. Matsuura, A.F. Ismail, N. Hilal, Recent trends in membranes and membrane processes for desalination, Desalination, 391 (2016) 43–60.
5. H. Shemer, R. Semiat, Sustainable RO desalination – energy demand and environmental impact, Desalination, 424 (2017) 10–16.
6. J. Eke, A. Yusuf, A. Giwa, A. Sodiq, The global status of desalination: an assessment of current desalination technologies, plants and capacity, Desalination, 495 (2020) 114633, doi: 10.1016/j.desal.2020.114633.
7. M. Göktuğ Ahunbay, Achieving high water recovery at low pressure in reverse osmosis processes for seawater desalination, Desalination, 465 (2019) 58–68.
8. H. Sakai, T. Ueyama, M. Irie, K. Matsuyama, A. Tanioka, K. Saito, A. Kumano, Energy recovery by PRO in sea water desalination plant, Desalination, 389 (2016) 52–57.
9. A.M. Blanco-Marigorta, A. Lozano-Medina, J.D. Marcos, A critical review of definitions for exergetic efficiency in reverse osmosis desalination plants, Energy, 137 (2017) 752–760.
10. Z. Jie, W. Yue, F. Zhong, Z.S. He, S.C. Xu, Effective modifications of reciprocating-switcher energy recovery device by adopting pilot port plates to decrease the switching load and fluid fluctuations, Desalination, 462 (2019) 39–47.
11. W. Yue, R. Yafei, Z. Jie, E. Xu, S. Xu, Functionality test of an innovative single-cylinder energy recovery device for SWRO desalination system, Desalination, 388 (2016) 22–28.
12. D.W. Song, Y. Wang, S.C. Xu, J.P. Gao, Y.F. Ren, S.C. Wang, Analysis, experiment and application of a power-saving actuator applied in the piston type energy recovery device, Desalination, 361 (2015) 65–71.
13. D.W. Song, Y. Wang, S.C. Xu, Z.C. Wang, H. Liu, S.C. Wang, Control logic and strategy for emergency condition of piston type energy recovery device, Desalination, 348 (2014) 1–7.
14. A.E. Sani, Design and synchronizing of Pelton turbine with centrifugal pump in RO package, Energy, 172 (2019) 787–793.
15. L.S. Drabløs, Testing of DanfossAPP1.0–2.2 with APP pumps as water hydraulic motors for energy recovery, Desalination, 183 (2005) 41–54.
16. E. Dimitriou, E.S. Mohamed, C. Karavas, G. Papadakis, Experimental comparison of the performance of two reverse osmosis desalination units equipped with different energy recovery devices, Desal. Water Treat., 55 (2015) 3019–3026.
17. D.W. Song, Y. Zhang, H.T. Wang, L.D. Jiang, C.P. Wang, S.H. Wang, Z.G. Jiang, H. Li, Demonstration of a piston type integrated high pressure pump-energy recovery device for reverse osmosis desalination system, Desalination, 507 (2021) 115033, doi: 10.1016/j.desal.2021.115033.
18. B.K. William, H.C. Tzyy, Centrifugal reverse osmosis (CRO) − a novel energy-efficient membrane process for desalination near local thermodynamic equilibrium, J. Membr. Sci., 637 (2021) 119630, doi: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119630.
19. S. Zheng, Y. Wang, J. Zhou, Z.T. Xu, S.C. Xu, Development and operational stability evaluation of new three-cylinder energy recovery device for SWRO desalination system, Desalination, 502 (2021) 114909, doi: 10.1016/j.desal.2020.114909.
20. A.H. Zhu, P.D. Christofides, Y. Cohen, Minimization of energy consumption for a two-pass membrane desalination: effect of energy recovery, membrane rejection and retentate recycling, J. Membr. Sci., 339 (2009) 126–137.
21. T.Y. Qiu, A.P. Davies, Concentration polarization model of spiral-wound membrane modules with application to batchmodel RO desalination of brackish water, Desalination, 368 (2015) 36–47.
22. S. Senthil, S. Senthilmurugan, Reverse osmosis–pressure retarded osmosis hybrid system: modelling, simulation and optimization, Desalination, 389 (2016) 78–97.