References

  1. M. Owlad, M.K. Aroua, W.A.W. Daud, S. Baroutian, Removal of hexavalent chromium-contaminated water and wastewater: a review, Water Air Soil Pollut., 200 (2009) 59–77.
  2. T. Panayotova, M. Dimova-Todorova, I. Dobrevsky, Purification and reuse of heavy metals containing wastewaters from electroplating plants, Desalination, 206 (2007) 135–140.
  3. Z. Wang, G. Liu, Z. Fan, X. Yang, J. Wang, S. Wang, Experimental study on treatment of electroplating wastewater by nanofiltration, J. Membr. Sci., 305 (2007) 185–195.
  4. W.S. Wan Ngah, L.C. Teong, M.A.K.M. Hanafiah, Adsorption of dyes and heavy metal ions by chitosan composites: a review, Carbohydr. Polym., 83 (2011) 1446–1456.
  5. R. Schmuhl, H.M. Krieg, K. Keizer, Adsorption of Cu(II) and Cr(VI) ions by chitosan: kinetics and equilibrium studies, Water SA, 27 (2001) 1–8.
  6. W.S. Wan Ngah, S. Fatinathan, Adsorption of Cu(II) ions in aqueous solution using chitosan beads, chitosan-GLA beads and chitosan-alginate beads, Chem. Eng. J., 143 (2008) 62–72.
  7. C.M. Futalan, C.-C. Kan, M.L. Dalida, C. Pascua, M.-W. Wan, Fixed-bed column studies on the removal of copper using chitosan immobilized on bentonite, Carbohydr. Polym., 83 (2011) 697–704.
  8. N. Sankararamakrishnan, P. Kumar, V. Singh Chauhan, Modeling fixed bed column for cadmium removal from electroplating wastewater, Sep. Purif. Technol., 63 (2008) 213–219.
  9. G.P. Kumar, P.A. Kumar, S. Chakraborty, M. Ray, Uptake and desorption of copper ion using functionalized polymer coated silica gel in aqueous environment, Sep. Purif. Technol., 57 (2007) 47–56.
  10. Y.-T. Zhou, H.-L. Nie, C. Branford-White, Z.-Y. He, L.-M. Zhu, Removal of Cu2+ from aqueous solution by chitosan-coated magnetic nanoparticles modified with α-ketoglutaric acid, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 330 (2009) 29–37.
  11. G. Crini, Non-conventional low-cost adsorbents for dye removal: a review, Bioresour. Technol., 97 (2006) 1061–1085.
  12. K.V. Harish Prashanth, R.N. Tharanathan, Chitin/chitosan: modifications and their unlimited application potential-an overview, Trends Food Sci. Technol., 18 (2007) 117–131.
  13. N.M. Alves, J.F. Mano, Chitosan derivatives obtained by chemical modifications for biomedical and environmental applications, Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 43 (2008) 401–414.
  14. M. Kong, X.G. Chen, K. Xing, H.J. Park, Antimicrobial properties of chitosan and mode of action: a state of the art review, Int. J. Food Microbiol., 144 (2010) 51–63.
  15. G. Crini, P.-M. Badot, Application of chitosan, a natural aminopoly saccharide, for dye removal from aqueous solution by adsorption process using batch studies: a review of recent literature, Prog. Polym. Sci., 33 (2008) 399–447.
  16. C. Li, J. Cui, F. Wang, W. Peng, Y. He, Adsorption removal of Congo red by epichlorohydrin-modified cross-linked chitosan adsorbent, Desal. Wat. Treat., 57 (2016) 14060–14066.
  17. N. Subhapradha, P. Ramasamy, A. Srinivasan, P. Madeswaran, V. Shanmugam, A. Shanmugam, Sulfation of β-chitosan and evaluation of biological activity from gladius of Sepioteuthis lessoniana, Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 62 (2013) 336–340.
  18. E. Guibal, Interactions of metal ions with chitosan-based sorbents: a review, Sep. Purif. Technol., 38 (2004) 43–74.
  19. R. Ramya, P. Sankar, S. Anbalagan, P.N. Sudha, Adsorption of Cu(II) and Ni(II) ions from metal solution using crosslinked chitosan-g-acrylonitrile copolymer, Int. J. Environ. Sci., 1 (2011) 1323–1338.
  20. M. Rinaudo, Chitin and chitosan: properties and applications, Prog. Polym. Sci., 31 (2006) 603–632.
  21. S.Y. Kim, S.M. Cho, Y.M. Lee, S.J. Kim, Thermo- and pH-responsive behaviors of graft copolymer and blend based on chitosan and N-isopropylacrylamide, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 78 (2000) 1381–1391.
  22. M. Hua, S. Zhang, B. Pan, W. Zhang, L. Lv, Q. Zhang, Heavy metal removal from water/wastewater by nanosized metal oxides: a review, J. Hazard. Mater., 211–212 (2012) 317–331.
  23. X. Qu, P.J.J. Alvarez, Q. Li, Applications of nanotechnology in water and wastewater treatment, Water Res., 47 (2013) 3931–3946.
  24. X. Liu, Q. Hu, Z. Fang, X. Zhang, B. Zhang, Magnetic chitosan nanocomposites: a useful recyclable tool for heavy metal ion removal, Langmuir, 25 (2009) 3–8.
  25. F. Fu, Q. Wang, Removal of heavy metal ions from wastewaters: a review, J. Environ. Manage., 92 (2011) 407–418.
  26. E. Pongrácz, J. Landaburu-Aguirre, R. Keiski, V. García, Applicability of membrane technologies for the removal of heavy metals, Desalination, 200 (2006) 272–273.
  27. Z. Zhao, J. Zheng, M. Wang, H. Zhang, C.C. Han, High performance ultrafiltration membrane based on modified chitosan coating and electrospun nanofibrous PVDF scaffolds, J. Membr. Sci., 394–395 (2012) 209–217.
  28. M.S. Sivakami, T. Gomathi, J. Venkatesan, H.S. Jeong, S.K. Kim, P.N. Sudha, Preparation and characterization of nano chitosan for treatment wastewaters, Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 57 (2013) 204–212.
  29. L.-M. Zhao, L.-E. Shi, Z.-L. Zhang, J.-M. Chen, D.-D. Shi, J. Yang, Z.-X. Tang, Preparation and application of chitosan nanoparticles and nanofibers, Braz. J. Chem. Eng., 28 (2011) 353–362.
  30. X. Ding, Y. Fan, N. Xu, A new route for the fabrication of TiO2 ultrafiltration membranes with suspension derived from a wet chemical synthesis, J. Membr. Sci., 270 (2006) 179–186.
  31. A.A. Babaluo, M. Kokabi, M. Manteghian, R. Sarraf-Mamoory, A modified model for alumina membranes formed by gel-casting followed by dip-coating, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 24 (2004) 3779–3787.
  32. Y. Zhu, S. Xia, G. Liu, W. Jin, Preparation of ceramic-supported poly(vinyl alcohol)–chitosan composite membranes and their applications in pervaporation dehydration of organic/water mixtures, J. Membr. Sci., 349 (2010) 341–348.
  33. E.I. Unuabonah, M.I. El-Khaiary, B.I. Olu-Owolabi, K.O. Adebowale, Predicting the dynamics and performance of a polymer–clay based composite in a fixed bed system for the removal of lead (II) ion, Chem. Eng. Res. Des., 90 (2012) 1105–1115.
  34. A. Tor, N. Danaoglu, G. Arslan, Y. Cengeloglu, Removal of fluoride from water by using granular red mud: batch and column studies, J. Hazard. Mater., 164 (2009) 271–278.
  35. Z. Yaneva, B. Koumanova, V. Meshko, Dynamic studies of nitrophenols adsorption on perfil in a fixed-bed column: application of single and two resistance model, Water Sci. Technol., 62 (2010) 883–891.
  36. P. Suksabye, P. Thiravetyan, W. Nakbanpote, Column study of chromium(VI) adsorption from electroplating industry by coconut coir pith, J. Hazard. Mater., 160 (2008) 56–62.
  37. J.T. Nwabanne, P.K. Igbokwe, Kinetic modeling of heavy metals adsorption on fixed bed column, Int. J. Environ. Res., 6 (2012) 945–952.
  38. P. Sivakumar, P.N. Palanisamy, Packed bed column studies for the removal of Acid Blue 92 and Basic Red 29 using non-conventional adsorbent, Indian J. Chem. Technol., 16 (2009) 301–307.
  39. C.J.M. Nova, D. Paolucci-Jeanjean, M.-P. Belleville, M. Barboiu, M. Rivallin, G. Rios, Elaboration, characterization and study of a new hybrid chitosan/ceramic membrane for affinity membrane chromatography, J. Membr. Sci., 321 (2008) 81–89.
  40. N. Bhattarai, H.R. Ramay, J. Gunn, F.A. Matsen, M. Zhang, PEG-grafted chitosan as an injectable thermosensitive hydrogel for sustained protein release, J. Controlled Release, 103 (2005) 609–624.
  41. S. Hou, L.K. McCauley, P.X. Ma, Synthesis and erosion properties of PEG-containing polyanhydrides, Macromol. Biosci., 7 (2007) 620–628.
  42. M.M. Beppu, R.S. Vieira, C.G. Aimoli, C.C. Santana, Crosslinking of chitosan membranes using glutaraldehyde: effect on ion permeability and water absorption, J. Membr. Sci., 301 (2007) 126–130.
  43. G.C. Steenkamp, H.W.J.P. Neomagus, H.M. Krieg, K. Keizer, Centrifugal casting of ceramic membrane tubes and the coating with chitosan, Sep. Purif. Technol., 25 (2001) 407–413.
  44. M.M. Sekhula, J.O. Okonkwo, C.M. Zvinowanda, N.N. Agyei, A.J. Chaudhary, Fixed bed column adsorption of Cu (II) onto maize tassel-PVA beads, J. Chem. Eng. Process Technol., 3 (2012) 1–5.
  45. R.S. Vieira, M.M. Beppu, Mercury ion recovery using natural and crosslinked chitosan membranes, Adsorption, 11 (2005) 731–736.
  46. N.S. Behbahani, K. Rostamizadeh, M.R. Yaftian, A. Zamani, H. Ahmadi, Covalently modified magnetite nanoparticles with PEG: preparation and characterization as nano-adsorbent for removal of lead from wastewater, J. Environ. Health Sci. Eng., 12 (2014) 1–11.
  47. M.J. Zohuriaan-Mehr, Advances in chitin and chitosan modification through graft copolymerization: a comprehensive review, Iran. Polym. J., 14 (2005) 235–265.
  48. H. Tanuma, T. Saito, K. Nishikawa, T. Dong, K. Yazawa, Y. Inoue, Preparation and characterization of PEG-cross-linked chitosan hydrogel films with controllable swelling and enzymatic degradation behavior, Carbohydr. Polym., 80 (2010) 260–265.
  49. N. Sankararamakrishnan, A. Dixit, L. Iyengar, R. Sanghi, Removal of hexavalent chromium using a novel cross linked xanthated chitosan, Bioresour. Technol., 97 (2006) 2377–2382.
  50. E.W. Wambu, G.K. Muthakia, P.M. Shiundu, K.J.W. Thiongo, Kinetics of copper desorption from regenerated spent bleaching earth, Am-Euras. J. Sci. Res., 4 (2009) 317–323.
  51. B.K. Nandi, R. Uppaluri, M.K. Purkait, Effects of dip coating parameters on the morphology and transport properties of cellulose acetate–ceramic composite membranes, J. Membr. Sci., 330 (2009) 246–258.
  52. S. Jana, A. Saikia, M.K. Purkait, K. Mohanty, Chitosan based ceramic ultrafiltration membrane: preparation, characterization and application to remove Hg(II) and As(III) using polymer enhanced ultrafiltration, Chem. Eng. J., 170 (2011) 209–219.
  53. R. Han, L. Zou, X. Zhao, Y. Xu, F. Xu, Y. Li, Y. Wang, Characterization and properties of iron oxide-coated zeolite as adsorbent for removal of copper(II) from solution in fixed bed column, Chem. Eng. J., 149 (2009) 123–131.
  54. K. Vijayaraghavan, J. Jegan, K. Palanivelu, M. Velan, Removal of nickel(II) ions from aqueous solution using crab shell particles in a packed bed up-flow column, J. Hazard. Mater., 113 (2004) 223–230.
  55. S. Chen, Q. Yue, B. Gao, Q. Li, X. Xu, K. Fu, Adsorption of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution by modified corn stalk: a fixed-bed column study, Bioresour. Technol., 113 (2012) 114–120.
  56. N. Chen, Z. Zhang, C. Feng, M. Li, R. Chen, N. Sugiura, Investigations on the batch and fixed-bed column performance of fluoride adsorption by Kanuma mud, Desalination, 268 (2011) 76–82.
  57. Z. Aksu, F. Gönen, Biosorption of phenol by immobilized activated sludge in a continuous packed bed: prediction of breakthrough curves, Process Biochem., 39 (2004) 599–613.