References

  1. M.A. Shannon, P.W. Bohn, E. Menachem, J.G. Georgiadis, B.J. Marinas, A.M. Mayes, Science and technology for water purification in the coming decades, Nature, 452 (2008) 301–310.
  2. B.L. Pangarkar, S.K. Deshmukh, V.S. Sapkal, R.S. Sapkal, Review of membrane distillation process for water purification, Desal. Wat. Treat., 57 (2014) 1–23.
  3. B.L. Pangarkar, M.G. Sane, S.B. Parjane, M. Guddad, Status of membrane distillation for water and wastewater treatment—a review, Desal. Wat. Treat., 52 (2014) 5199–5218.
  4. J.B. Rodríguez, V.M. Gabet, G.M. Monroy, A.B. Puerta, I.F. Barrio, Distilled and drinkable water quality produced by solar membrane distillation technology, Desal. Wat. Treat., 51 (2013) 1265–1271.
  5. M. Osman, J.J. Schoeman, L. Baratta, Desalination/concentration of reverse osmosis and electrodialysis brines with membrane distillation, Desal. Wat. Treat., 24 (2010) 293–301.
  6. S. Lee, Y. Kim, A.S. Kim, S. Hong, Evaluation of membrane-based desalting processes for RO brine treatment, Desal. Wat. Treat., 57 (2016) 7432–7439.
  7. K. Bélafi-Bakó, A. Boór, Concentration of Cornelian cherry fruit juice by membrane osmotic distillation, Desal. Wat. Treat., 35 (2011) 271–274.
  8. N. Mokhtar, W. Lau, B. Ng, A. Ismail, D. Veerasamy, Preparation and characterization of PVDF membranes incorporated with different additives for dyeing solution treatment using membrane distillation, Desal. Wat. Treat., 56 (2015) 1999–2012.
  9. M. Sivakumar, M. Ramezanianpour, G. O’Halloran, Mine water treatment using a vacuum membrane distillation system, APCBEE Procedia, 5 (2013) 157–162.
  10. H.-C. Kim, J. Shin, S. Won, J.-Y. Lee, S.K. Maeng, K.G. Song, Membrane distillation combined with an anaerobic moving bed biofilm reactor for treating municipal wastewater, Water Res., 71 (2015) 97–106.
  11. H. Liu, J. Wang, Treatment of radioactive wastewater using direct contact membrane distillation, J. Hazard. Mater., 261 (2013) 307–315.
  12. P. Jacob, P. Phungsai, K. Fukushi, C. Visvanathan, Direct contact membrane distillation for anaerobic effluent treatment, J. Membr. Sci., 475 (2015) 330–339.
  13. E.W. Rice, L. Bridgewater, Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, American Public Health Association, Washington, D.C., 2012.
  14. M. Dubois, K.A. Gilles, J.K. Hamilton, P.A. Rebers, F. Smith, Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances, Anal. Chem., 28 (1956) 350–356.
  15. B. Frolund, T. Griebe, P.H. Nielsen, Enzymatic activity in the activated-sludge floc matrix, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 43 (1995) 755–761.
  16. M. Gryta, Influence of polypropylene membrane surface porosity on the performance of membrane distillation process, J. Membr. Sci., 287 (2007) 67–78.
  17. M. Gryta, Fouling in direct contact membrane distillation process, J. Membr. Sci., 325 (2008) 383–394.
  18. L.D. Nghiem, F. Hildinger, F.I. Hai, T. Cath, Treatment of saline aqueous solutions using direct contact membrane distillation, Desal. Wat. Treat., 32 (2011) 234–241.
  19. E. Drioli, E. Curcio, A. Criscuoli, G.D. Profio, Integrated system for recovery of CaCO3, NaCl and MgSO4•7H2O from nanofiltration retentate, J. Membr. Sci., 239 (2004) 27–38.
  20. K. Karakulski, M. Gryta, Water demineralisation by NF/MD integrated processes, Desalination, 177 (2005) 109–119.
  21. J. Kochan, T. Wintgens, R. Hochstrat, T. Melin, Impact of wetting agents on the filtration performance of polymeric ultrafiltration membranes, Desalination, 241 (2009) 34–42.
  22. D.J. Barker, D.C. Stuckey, A review of soluble microbial products (SMP) in wastewater treatment systems, Water Res., 33 (1999) 3063–3082.
  23. Y. Zhao, F. Li, M.T. Carvajal, M.T. Harris, Interactions between bovine serum albumin and alginate: an evaluation of alginate as protein carrier, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 332 (2009) 345–353.
  24. M. Gryta, M. Tomaszewska, J. Grzechulska, A.W. Morawski, Membrane distillation of NaCl solution containing natural organic matter, J. Membr. Sci., 181 (2001) 279–287.
  25. A. Trzcinski, D. Stuckey, Continuous treatment of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste in an anaerobic two-stage membrane process with liquid recycle, Water Res., 43 (2009) 2449–2462.
  26. L. Chen, Y. Gu, C. Cao, J. Zhang, J.W. Ng, C. Tang, Performance of a submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor with forward osmosis membrane for low-strength wastewater treatment, Water Res., 50 (2014) 114–123.
  27. Z. Ding, L. Liu, Z. Li, R. Ma, Z. Yang, Experimental study of ammonia removal from water by membrane distillation (MD): the comparison of three configurations, J. Membr. Sci., 286 (2006) 93–103.
  28. W. Chen, P. Westerhoff, J.A. Leenheer, K. Booksh, Fluorescence excitation–emission matrix regional integration to quantify spectra for dissolved organic matter, Environ. Sci. Technol., 37 (2003) 5701–5710.
  29. Y. Li, A.-M. Li, J. Xu, W.-W. Li, H.-Q. Yu, Formation of soluble microbial products (SMP) by activated sludge at various salinities, Biodegradation, 24 (2013) 69–78.
  30. G. Naidu, S. Jeong, S.-J. Kim, I.S. Kim, S. Vigneswaran, Organic fouling behavior in direct contact membrane distillation, Desalination, 347 (2014) 230–239.
  31. H. Mo, K.G. Tay, H.Y. Ng, Fouling of reverse osmosis membrane by protein (BSA): effects of pH, calcium, magnesium, ionic strength and temperature, J. Membr. Sci., 315 (2008) 28–35.
  32. F. Wang, H. Zhu, H. Zhang, H. Tang, J. Chen, Y. Guo, Effect of surface hydrophilic modification on the wettability, surface charge property and separation performance of PTFE membrane, J. Water Process Eng., 8 (2015) 11–18.
  33. C. Combes, R. Bareille, C. Rey, Calcium carbonate-calcium phosphate mixed cement compositions for bone reconstruction, J. Biomed. Mater. Res., A, 79 (2006) 318–328.
  34. M. Hariharan, N. Varghese, A.B. Cherian, P.V. Sreenivasan, J. Paul, K.A. Asmy Antony, Synthesis and characterisation of CaCO3 (calcite) nano particles from cockle shells using chitosan as precursor, Int. J. Sci. Res. Publ., 4 (2014) 1–5.
  35. A.M. Alklaibi, N. Lior, Membrane-distillation desalination: status and potential, Desalination, 171 (2005) 111–131.
  36. F. He, J. Gilron, H. Lee, L. Song, K.K. Sirkar, Potential for scaling by sparingly soluble salts in crossflow DCMD, J. Membr. Sci., 311 (2008) 68–80.
  37. O.S. Pokrovsky, Precipitation of calcium and magnesium carbonates from homogeneous supersaturated solutions, J. Cryst. Growth, 186 (1998) 233–239.