References

  1. V.K. Garg, R. Gupta, A. Yadav and K. Kumar, Dye removal from aqueous solution by adsorption on treated sawdust, Bioresour. Technol., 89 (2003) 121-124.
  2. K. Kadirvelu, M. Palanival, R. Kalpana and S. Rajeswari, Activated carbon from an agricultural by-product for the treatment of dyeing industry wastewater, Bioresour. Technol., 74 (2000) 263-265.
  3. A. Shukla, Y.H. Zhang, P. Dubey and J.L. Margrave, The role of sawdust in the removal of unwanted materials from water, J. Hazard. Mater., B95 (2002) 137-152.
  4. V.J.P. Poots, G. McKay and J.J. Healy, Removal of basic dye from effluent using wood as an adsorbent, J. Water Poll. Contr. Fed., 50(5) (1978) 926-935.
  5. S.I. Abo-Elela and M.A. El-Dib, Color removal via adsorption on wood shaving, Sci. Total Environ. 66 (1987) 269-273.
  6. P. Nigam, G. Armour, I.M. Banat, D. Singh and R. Marchant, Physical removal of textile dyes from effluents and solid-state fermentation of dye-adsorbed agricultural residues. Bioresour. Technol., 72 (2000) 219-226.
  7. C. Namasivayam, M.D. Kumar and R.A. Begum, Waste coir pith – a potential biomass for the treatment of dyeing wastewaters, Biomass Bioenergy, A21 (2001) 477-483.
  8. G. Annadurai, R.-S. Juang and D.J. Lee, Use of cellulose based wastes for adsorption of dyes from aqueous solutions, J. Hazard. Mater., B92 (2002) 263-274.
  9. M.M. Nassar, Intra-particle diffusion of basic red and basic yellow dyes on palm fruit bunch, Water Sci. Technol., 40(7) (1999) 133-139.
  10. M.M. Nassar and Y.H. Magdy, Removal of different basic dyes from aqueous solutions by adsorption on palm-fruit bunch particles, Chem. Eng. J., 66 (1997) 223-226.
  11. N.A. Ibrahim, A. Hashem and M.H. Abou-Shosha, Amination of wood sawdust for removing anionic dyes from aqueous solutions, Polym.-Plast. Techol. Eng., 36(6) (1997) 963-971.
  12. C. Namasivayam, R. Radhika and S. Suba, Uptake of dyes by a promising locally available agricultural solid waste-coir pith, Waste Manage., B21 (2001) 381-387.
  13. S. Sivakumar, Rajeshwarisivaraj, P. Senthilkumar and V. Subburam, Carbon from cassava peel, an agricultural waste, as an adsorbent in the removal of dyes and metal ions from aqueous solution, Bioresour. Technol., 80 (2001) 233-235.
  14. W.T. Tsai, C.Y. Chang, M.C. Lin, S.F. Chien, H.F. Sun and M.F. Hsieh, Adsorption of acid dye onto activated carbons prepared from agricultural waste bagasse by ZnCl2 activation, Chemosphere, 45 (2001) 51-58.
  15. S.J. Allen, Q. Gan, R. Matthews and P.A. Johnson, Comparison of optimized isotherm models for basic dye adsorption by kudzu, Bioresour. Technol., 88 (2003) 143-152.
  16. K.J. Tiemann, J.L. Gardea-Torresdey, G. Gamez, K. Dokken and S. Sias, Use of X-ray absorption spectroscopy and esterification to investigate Cr(III) and Ni(II) ligands in alfalfa biomass, Enviro. Sci. Technol., 33(1) (1999) 150-154.
  17. A.K. Chatjigakis, C. Pappas, N. Proxenia, O. Kalantzi, P. Rodis and M. Polissiou, FTIR spectroscopic determination of the degree of esterification of cell wall pectins from stored peaches and correlation to textural changes, Carbohydr. Polym. 37(4) (1998) 395-408.
  18. C. Pappas, P. Rodis, P.A. Tarantilis and M. Polissiou, Prediction of the pH in wood by diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy, Carbohydr. Polym., 53(7) (1998) 805-809.
  19. Y. Inbar, Y. Chen and Y. Hadar, Solid-state C-13 nuclear magnetic-resonance and infrared spectroscopy of composted organic-matter, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 53(6) (1989) 1695-1701.
  20. N.P.G. Roeges, A Guide to the Complete Interpretation of Infrared Spectra of Organic Structures, Wiley and Sons, NY, 1994.
  21. B. Barker and N.L. Owen, Identifying softwoods and hardwoods by infrared spectroscopy, J. Chem. Educ., 76(12) (1999) 1706-1709.
  22. P. Brown, S. Gill and S.J. Allen, Determination of optimal peat type to potentially capture copper and cadmium from solution, Water Environ. Res., 73(3) (2001) 351-362.
  23. N. Deo and M. Ali, Adsorption by a new low cost material: congo red 1 and 2, Indian J. Environ. Protec., 17(5) (1997) 328.
  24. G. McKay, M.S. Otterburn and J.A. Aja, Fullter’s earth and fired clay as adsorbents for dyes stuffs, Water Air Soil Pollut., 24 (1985) 307.
  25. K.S. Low, C.K. Lee and K.P. Lee, Sorption of copper by dye-treated oil-palm fibers, Bioresour. Technol., 44 (1993) 109-112.
  26. J. Chang, R. Law and C. Chang, Biosorption of lead, copper and cadmium by biomass of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Water Res., 31 (1997) 1651-1658.
  27. M. Sarioglu and A. Atay, Removal of methyllene blue by using biosolid, Global NEST J., 8(2) (2006) 113-120.
  28. D. Aggarwal, M. Goyal and R.C. Bansal, Adsorption of chromium by activated carbon from aqueous solution, Carbon, 37 (1999) 1989-1997.
  29. A. Saeed, M.W. Akhter and M. Iqbal, Removal and recovery of heavy metals from aqueous solution using papaya wood as a new biosorbent, Separat. Purif. Technol., 45 (2005) 25-31.
  30. N. Kannan and M.M. Sundaram, Kinetics and mechanism of removal of methylene blue by adsorption on various carbons – a comparative study, Dyes Pigments, 51 (2001) 25-40.
  31. F.A. Batzias and D.K. Sidiras, Dye adsorption by prehydrolysed beech sawdust in batch and fixed-bed systems, Bioresour. Technol., 98 (2007) 1053-1062.
  32. T.W. Weber and P.K. Chakraborty, Pore and solid diffusion model for fixed bed adsorbent, J. Am. Inst. Chem. Eng., 20 (1974) 228-233.
  33. F. Haghseresht and G. Lu, Adsorption characteristics of phenolic compound onto coal-reject-derived adsorbents, Energy Fuels, 12 (1998) 1100-1107.
  34. K. Fytianos, E. Voudrias and E. Kokkalis, Sorption–desorption behavior of 2,4-dichlorophenol by marine sediments, Chemosphere, 40 (2000) 3-6.
  35. B.H. Hameeda, L.H. China and S. Rengarajb, Adsorption of 4-chlorophenol onto activated carbon prepared from rattan sawdust, Desalination, 225 (2008) 185-198.
  36. I.A.W. Tan, A.L. Ahmad and B.H. Hameed, Adsorption of basic dye using activated carbon prepared from oil palm shell: batch and fixed bed studies, Desalination, 225 (2008) 13-28.
  37. E.-S.Z. El-Ashtoukhy, N.K. Amin and O. Abdelwahab, Removal of lead(II) and copper(II) from aqueous solution using pomegranate peel as a new adsorbent, Desalination, 223 (2008) 162-173.
  38. W. Jianlong, Z. Xinmin, D. Decai and Z. Ding, Bioadsorption of lead(II) from aqueous solution by fungal biomass of Aspergillus niger, J. Biotechnol., 87 (2001) 273.
  39. R.L. Tseng, F.C. Wu and R.S. Juang, Liquid-phase adsorption of dyes and phenols using pinewood-based activated carbons, Carbon, 41 (2003) 487-495.
  40. Y.S. Ho, G. McKay, Sorption of dye from aqueous solution by peat, Chem. Eng. J., 70 (1998) 115-124.
  41. Y.S. Ho and G. McKay, Sorption of dyes and copper ions onto biosorbents, Process Biochem., 38 (2003) 1047-1061.
  42. Y.S. Ho and C.C. Chiang, Sorption studies of acid dye by mixed sorbents, Adsorption, 7 (2001) 139-147.
  43. Y.S. Ho and G. McKay, The kinetics of sorption of divalent metal ions onto sphagnum moss peat, Water Res., 24 (2000) 735-741.
  44. C.W. Cheung, J.E. porter and G. McKay, Sorption kinetics for the removal of copper and zinc from effluents using bone char, Separat. Purif. Technol., 53 (2000) 55-64.
  45. S. Coswami and U.C. Ghosh, Studies on adsorption behavior of Cr(VI) onto synthetic hydrous stannic oxide, Water SA, 31 (2005) 597-602.
  46. M.H. Kalavathy, T. Karthikeyan, S. Rajgopal and L.R. Miranda, Kinetic and isotherm studies of Cu(II) adsorption onto H3PO4- activated rubber wood sawdust, Colloid. Interf. Sci., 292 (2005) 354-362.
  47. S.J. Allen, G. Mckay and K.Y.H. Khader, Intraparticle diffusion of a basic dye during adsorption onto sphagnum peat, Environ. Pollut., 56 (1989) 39-50.
  48. A.E. Martell and R.M. Smith, Critical Stability Constants: Inorganic Chemistry IV, Plenum, New York, 1977.
  49. J.M. Murray and J.G. Dillard, The oxidation of cobalt(II) adsorbed on manganese dioxide, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 43 (1979) 781-787.
  50. M.G. Zuhra, M.I. Bhanger, A. Mubeena, N.T. Farah and R.M. Jamil, Adsorption of methyl parathion pesticide from water using watermelon peels as a low cost adsorbent, Chem. Eng. J., 138 (2008) 616-621.
  51. M. Syed, I. Muhammad, G. Rana and K. Sadullah, Effect of Ni2+ loading on the mechanism of phosphate anion sorption by iron hydroxide, Separat. Purif. Technol., 59 (2008) 108-114.
  52. N. Dizge, C. Aydiner, E. Demirbas, M. Kobya and S. Kara, Adsorption of reactive dyes from aqueous solutions by fly ash: kinetic and equilibrium studies, J. Hazard. Mater., 150 (2008) 737-746.
  53. H. Oualid, S. Fethi, C. Mahdi and N. Emmanuel, Sorption of malachite green by a novel sorbent, dead leaves of plane tree: equilibrium and kinetic modeling, Chem. Eng. J., 143(1) (2008) 73-84.
  54. J.H. Noggle, Physical Chemistry, 3rd ed., vol. 11, Harper Collins Publishers, New York, 1996, p. 1108.
  55. D.L. Sparks, Kinetics of ionic reactions in clay minerals and soils, Adv. Agron., 38 (1985) 231-266.
  56. D.L. Sparks, Kinetics of Soil Chemical Processes, Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 1989, pp. 35-57.
  57. D.L. Sparks, Environmental Soil Chemistry, Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 1995, pp. 267-280.
  58. D.L. Sparks, Kinetics of reactions in pure and mixed system, in: D.L. Sparks, ed., Soil Physical Chemistry, 2nd ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1999, pp. 83-178.
  59. W. Stumm and R. Wollast, Coordination chemistry of weathering. Kinetics of the surface-controlled dissolution of oxide minerals, Rev. Geophys., 28 (1990) 53-90.
  60. K.G. Scheckel and D.L. Sparks, Temperature effects on nickel sorption kinetics at the mineral–water interface, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 65 (2001) 685-694.