References
- A.A. Al-Hamzah, C.M. Fellows, A comparative study of novel
scale inhibitors with commercial scale inhibitors used in
seawater desalination, Desalination, 359 (2015) 22–25.
- A.M. Hassan, M.A.K. Al-Sofi, A.S. Al-Amoudi, A.T.M.
Jamaluddin, A.M. Farooque, A. Rowaili, A.G.I. Dalvi, N.M.
Kither, G.M. Mustafa, I.A.R. Al-Tisan, A new approach to
membrane and thermal seawater desalination processes using
nanofiltration membranes (Part 1), Desalination, 118 (1998)
35–51.
- A.M. Hassan, Process for desalination of saline water,
especially sea water, having increased product yield and
quality, WO/1999/016714, 1999. Available at: http://www.freepatentsonline.com/WO1999016714.html.
- M. Wilf, L. Awerbuch, The Guidebook to Membrane
Desalination Technology: Reverse Osmosis, Nanofiltration and
Hybrid Systems: Process, Design, Applications and Economics,
Balaban Desalination Publications, L’Aquila, Italy, 2007.
- O.A. Hamed, Overview of hybrid desalination systems —
current status and future prospects, Desalination, 186 (2005)
207–214.
- D. Zhou, L. Zhu, Y. Fu, M. Zhu, L. Xue, Development of lower
cost seawater desalination processes using nanofiltration
technologies — a review, Desalination, 376 (2015) 109–116.
- H.T. El-Dessouky, H.M. Ettouney, Fundamentals of Salt Water
Desalination, Elsevier, 2002.
- Y.M. El-Sayed, R.S. Silver, Chapter 2 – Fundamentals of
Distillation, K.S. Spiegler, A.D.K. Laird, Eds., Principles of
Desalination, Academic Press, 1980, pp. 55–109.
- H. El-Dessouky, I. Alatiqi, S. Bingulac, H. Ettouney, Steady-state
analysis of the multiple effect evaporation desalination process,
Chem. Eng. Technol., 21 (1998) 437–451.
- K.H. Mistry, M.A. Antar, J.H. Lienhard, An improved model for
multiple effect distillation, Desal. Wat. Treat., 51 (2013) 807–821.
- S.A. Klein, Engineering Equation Solver Software (EES), 2013.
Available at: www.fchart.com.
- W. Wagner, A. Pruss, The IAPWS formulation 1995 for the
thermodynamic properties of ordinary water substance for
general and scientific use, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 31 (2002)
387–535.
- M.H. Sharqawy, J.H. Lienhard V, S.M. Zubair, Thermophysical
properties of seawater: a review of existing correlations and
data, Desal. Wat. Treat., 16 (2010) 354–380.
- H.T. El-Dessouky, H.M. Ettouney, Thermodynamic Losses,
H.T. El-Dessouky, H.M. Ettouney, Eds., Fundamentals of Salt
Water Desalination, Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam, 2002, pp.
565–583.
- M. L. Nayyar, Piping Handbook, 7th ed., McGraw-Hill
Education, 2002.
- Engineering Scientific Data Unit (ESDU), Condensation Inside
Tubes : Pressure Drop in Straight Horizontal Tubes. 91023,
ESDU International PLC, United Kingdom, 1993.
- L. Friedel, Improved Friction Pressure Drop Correlations for
Horizontal and Vertical Two-phase Pipe Flow, European Two-Phase Flow Group Meeting, 1979.
- H.T. El-Dessouky, H.M. Ettouney, Chapter 2 – Single Effect
Evaporation, H.T. El-Dessouky, H.M. Ettouney, Eds.,
Fundamentals of Salt Water Desalination, Elsevier Science B.V.,
Amsterdam, 2002, pp. 19–48.
- P. Fiorini, E. Sciubba, C. Sommariva, A new formulation for the
non-equilibrium allowance in MSF processes, Desalination, 136
(2001) 177–188.
- O. Miyatake, K. Murakami, Y. Kawata, T. Fujii, Fundamental
experiments with flash evaporation, Heat Transfer Jpn. Res., 2
(1973) 89–100.
- A. Cipollina, G. Micale, L. Rizzuti, A critical assessment of
desalination operations in Sicily, Desalination, 182 (2005) 1–12.
- H.T. El-Dessouky, H.M. Ettouney, Chapter 4 – Multiple
Effect Evaporation, H.T. El-Dessouky, H.M. Ettouney, Eds.,
Fundamentals of Salt Water Desalination, Elsevier Science B.V.,
Amsterdam, 2002, pp. 147–208.
- A.S. Bower, H.D. Hunt, J.F. Price, Character and dynamics of
the Red Sea and Persian Gulf outflows, J. Geophys. Res. Oceans,
105 (2000) 6387–6414.