References
- H. Over, Surface chemistry of ruthenium dioxide in
heterogeneous catalysis and electrocatalysis: from fundamental
to applied research, Chem. Rev., 112 (2012) 3356–3426.
- T. Luu, C. Kim, S. Kim, J. Kim, J. Yoon, Fabricating macroporous
RuO2-TiO2 electrodes using polystyrene templates for high
chlorine evolution efficiencies, Desal. Wat. Treat., 77 (2017) 94–104.
- T. Luu, J. Kim, J. Yoon, A novel microwave-assisted synthesis
of RuO2-TiO2 electrodes with improved chlorine and oxygen
evolutions, Desal. Wat. Treat., 77 (2017) 105–111.
- X. Ma, Y. Gao, Y. Cui, H. Huang, J. Han, Electrochemical
treatment of papermaking tobacco sheet wastewater on β-PbO2
and Ti/TiO2-RuO2-IrO2 electrodes, Desal. Wat. Treat., 57 (2016)
19557–19565.
- S. Trasatti, Electrocatalysis: understanding the success of DSA®,
Electrochim. Acta, 45 (2000) 2377–2385.
- T. Luu, J. Kim, J. Yoon, Physicochemical properties of RuO2 and
IrO2 electrodes affecting chlorine evolutions, J. Ind. Eng. Chem.,
21 (2014) 400–404.
- T. Luu, J. Kim, C. Kim, S. Kim, J. Yoon, The effect of fabrication
conditions of RuO2 electrode to the chlorine electrocatalytic
activity, Bull. Korean Chem. Soc., 36 (2015) 1411–1417.
- S. Trasatti, Electrocatalysis in the anodic evolution of oxygen
and chlorine, Electrochim. Acta, 29 (1984) 1503–1512.
- H. Chen, H. Lai, J. Jow, Annealing effect on the performance
of RuO2–Ta2O5/Ti electrodes for use in supercapacitors, Mater.
Chem. Phys., 125 (2011) 652–655.
- J. Kristof, J. Liszi, A. Battisti, A. Barbieri, P. Szabo,
Thermoanalytical investigation of the formation of RuO2-based
mixed-oxide electrodes, Mater. Chem. Phys., 37 (1994) 23.
- C. Angejinetta, S. Trasatti, L. Atanasoska, Z. Minevski, Effect
of preparation on the surface and electrocatalytic properties
of RuO2 + IrO2 mixed oxide electrodes, Mater. Chem. Phys., 22
(1989) 231–247.
- V. Panic, A. Dekanski, M. Stankovic, S. Milonjic, B. Nikoli, On
the deactivation mechanism of RuO2–TiO2/Ti anodes prepared
by the sol–gel procedure, J. Electroanal. Chem., 579 (2005) 67.
- I. Kim, K. Kim, Electrochemical characterization of hydrous
ruthenium oxide thin-film electrodes for electrochemical
capacitor applications, J. Electrochem. Soc., 153 (2006)
A383–A389.
- W. Shin, S. Yoon, Characterization of RuO2 thin films prepared
by hot-wall metallorganic chemical vapor deposition, J.
Electrochem. Soc., 144 (1997) 1055–1060.
- C. Hu, C. Wang, T. Wu, K. Chang, Anodic composite deposition
of hydrous RuO2–TiO2 nanocomposites for electrochemical
capacitors, Electrochim. Acta, 85 (2012) 90–98.
- C. Lokhande, Chemical deposition of metal chalcogenide thin
films, Mater. Chem. Phys., 27 (1991) 1–43.
- H. Pathan, C. Lokhande, Deposition of metal chalcogenide thin
films by successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR)
method, Bull. Mater. Sci., 27 (2004) 85–111.
- R. Mane, C. Lokhande, Chemical deposition method for
metal chalcogenide thin films, Mater. Chem. Phys., 65 (2000)
1–31.
- X. Xia, J. Tu, X. Wang, C. Gu, X. Zhao, Hierarchically porous NiO
film grown by chemical bath deposition via a colloidal crystal
template as an electrochemical pseudocapacitor material, J.
Mater. Chem., 21 (2011) 671.
- C. Lokhande, A. More, J. Gunjakar, Microstructure dependent
performance of chemically deposited nanocrystalline metal
oxide thin films, J Alloys Compd., 486 (2009) 570–580.
- U. Patil, K. Gurava, O. Joo, C. Lokhande, Synthesis of
photosensitive nanograined TiO2 thin films by SILAR method,
J. Alloys Compd., 478 (2009) 711–715.
- M. Suchea, S. Christoulakis, M. Katharakis, N. Vidakis,
E. Koudoumas, Influence of thickness and growth temperature
on the optical and electrical properties of ZnO thin films, Thin
Solid Films, 515 (2006) 4303–4306.
- D. Dubal, A. Jagadale, S. Patil, C. Lokhande, Simple route for
the synthesis of supercapacitive Co–Ni mixed hydroxide thin
films, Mater. Res. Bull., 47 (2012) 1239–1245.
- R. Salunkhe, D. Dhawale, T. Gujar, C. Lokhande, Structural,
electrical and optical studies of SILAR deposited cadmium
oxide thin films: annealing effect, Mater. Res. Bull., 44 (2009)
364–368.
- X. Xia, J. Tu, Y. Zhang, X. Wang, C. Gu, X. Zhao, H. Fan, Highquality
metal oxide core/shell nanowire arrays on conductive
substrates for electrochemical energy storage, ACS Nano, 6
(2012) 5531–5538.
- S. Music, S. Popovic, M. Maljkovic, A. Saric, Synthesis and
characterization of nanocrystalline RuO2 powders, Mater. Lett.,
58 (2004) 1431–1436.
- P. Deshmukh, S. Pusawale, A. Jagadale, C. Lokhande,
Supercapacitive performance of hydrous ruthenium oxide
(RuO2·nH2O) thin films deposited by SILAR method, J. Mater.
Sci., 47 (2012) 1546.
- U. Patil, S. Kulkarni, V. Jamadade, C. Lokhande, Chemically
synthesized hydrous RuO2 thin films for supercapacitor
application, J. Alloys Compd., 509 (2011) 1677.
- W. Lee, R. Mane, V. Todkar, S. Lee, O. Egorov, W. Chae, S.
Han, Implication of liquid-phase deposited amorphous RuO2
electrode for electrochemical supercapacitor, Electrochem.
Solid-State Lett., 10 (2007) A225–A227.
- S. Pusawale, P. Deshmukh, J. Gunjakar, C. Lokhande, SnO2–RuO2 composite films by chemical deposition for supercapacitor
application, Mater. Chem. Phys., 139 (2013) 416–422.
- V. Patake, C. Lokhande, Chemical synthesis of nano-porous
ruthenium oxide (RuO2) thin films for supercapacitor
application, Appl. Surf. Sci., 254 (2008) 2820–2824.
- D. Dubal, G. Gund, R. Holze, H. Jadhav, C. Lokhande, C. Park,
Solution-based binder-free synthetic approach of RuO2 thin
films for all solid state supercapacitors, Electrochim. Acta, 103
(2013) 103–109.
- S. Oh, L. Nazar, Direct synthesis of electroactive mesoporous
hydrous crystalline RuO2 templated by a cationic surfactant, J.
Mater. Chem., 20 (2010) 3834–3839.
- X. Liu, X. Zhang, NiO-based composite electrode with RuO2 for
electrochemical capacitors, Electrochim. Acta, 49 (2004) 229–232.
- X. Fu, H. Yu, F. Peng, H. Wang, Y. Qian, Facile preparation of
RuO2/CNT catalyst by a homogenous oxidation precipitation
method and its catalytic performance, Appl. Catal., A, 321
(2007) 190–197.
- R. Kotz, S. Stuck, Stabilization of RuO2 by IrO2 for anodic
oxygen evolution in acid media, Electrochim. Acta, 31 (1986)
1311–1316.
- J. Jirkovsky, H. Hoffmannova, M. Klementova, P. Krtil,
Particle size dependence of the electrocatalytic activity of
nanocrystalline RuO2 electrodes, J. Electrochem. Soc., 153 (2006)
111–118.
- C. Malmgren, A. Eriksson, A. Cornell, J. Backtrom, E. Eriksson,
H. Olin, Nanocrystallinity in RuO2 coatings—influence of
precursor and preparation temperature, Thin Solid Films, 518
(2010) 3615–3618.
- H. Klug, H. Alexander, X-ray Diffraction Procedures, 2nd ed.,
Wiley, New York, 1974, p. 112.
- A. Bard, L. Faulkner, Electrochemical methods-Fundamentals
and Applications, 2nd ed., Wiley, 2001, p. 200.
- P. Hong, N. Ngoc, D. Chi, L. Ba, Nanosized IrxRu1−xO2
electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction in proton
exchange membrane water electrolyzer, Adv. Nat. Sci.: Nanosci.
Nanotechnol., 6 (2015) 025015.
- S. Ardizzone, G. Fregonara, S. Trasatti, “Inner” and “outer”
active surface of RuO2 electrodes, Electrochim. Acta, 35 (1990)
263–267.
- APHA, Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and
Wastewater, 21st ed., American Public Health Association,
Washington, D.C., 2005, p. 4.
- J. Ribeiro, A. Andrade, Characterization of RuO2Ta2O5
coated titanium electrode microstructure, morphology, and
electrochemical investigation, J. Electrochem. Soc., 151 (2004)
106–112.
- V. Panic, A. Dekanski, S. Milonjic, R. Atanasoski, B. Nikolic,
The effect of the addition of colloidal iridium oxide into sol–gel
obtained titanium and ruthenium oxide coatings on titanium
on their electrochemical properties, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.,
12 (2010) 7521–7528.
- A. Zeradjanin, F. Mantia, J. Masa, W. Schuhmann, Utilization
of the catalyst layer of dimensionally stable anodes—interplay
of morphology and active surface area, Electrochim. Acta, 82
(2012) 408–414.